Influence Operations in Social Networks
Javier Pastor-Galindo, Pantaleone Nespoli, José A. Ruipérez-Valiente, David Camacho
TL;DR
This work tackles the global threat of influence operations in social networks by proposing seven DISARM-derived strategies and analyzing 80 FIMI incidents to map execution techniques. It details how these strategies—rooted in the DISARM framework with four phases and 16 tactics—co-occur in real campaigns, with Narrative Release being nearly universal and multi-strategy operations predominating. The study offers insights into how adversaries coordinate narratives, amplification, and information pollution, revealing dependencies that can guide detection and response. By advocating Cyber Threat Intelligence integration, Cyber Situational Awareness, AI-driven simulations, and cross-disciplinary defense efforts, the paper outlines a holistic, proactive approach to counter AI-enabled manipulation and strengthen resilience in digital information environments.
Abstract
An important part of online activities are intended to control the public opinion and behavior, being considered currently a global threat. This article identifies and conceptualizes seven online strategies employed in social media influence operations. These procedures are quantified through the analysis of 80 incidents of foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI), estimating their real-world usage and combination. Finally, we suggest future directions for research on influence operations.