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Performance Analysis of Pinching-Antenna Systems

Dimitrios Tyrovolas, Sotiris A. Tegos, Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis, Sotiris Ioannidis, Christos K. Liaskos, George K. Karagiannidis

TL;DR

This work addresses the challenge of high-frequency path loss in programmable wireless environments by analyzing pinching antenna systems (PASs) that leverage dielectric waveguides to create radiating points along the waveguide. It develops a comprehensive analytical framework that yields closed-form outage probability and average rate expressions accounting for both free-space loss and waveguide attenuation, and determines the optimal horizontal placement of pinching antennas to maximize received SNR. The findings show that waveguide losses significantly affect performance, especially for longer waveguides, yet PASs consistently outperform conventional fixed-antenna systems in both reliability and data rate. The results provide practical deployment insights, demonstrating PASs’ potential to enable high-performance, programmable wireless environments and informing future work on multi-user PAS deployments and integration into PWEs.

Abstract

The sixth generation of wireless networks envisions intelligent and adaptive environments capable of meeting the demands of emerging applications such as immersive extended reality, advanced healthcare, and the metaverse. However, this vision requires overcoming critical challenges, including the limitations of conventional wireless technologies in mitigating path loss and dynamically adapting to diverse user needs. Among the proposed reconfigurable technologies, pinching antenna systems (PASs) offer a novel way to turn path loss into a programmable parameter by using dielectric waveguides to minimize propagation losses at high frequencies. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive analytical framework that derives closed-form expressions for the outage probability and average rate of PASs while incorporating both free-space path loss and waveguide attenuation under realistic conditions. In addition, we characterize the optimal placement of pinching antennas to maximize performance under waveguide losses. Numerical results show the significant impact of waveguide losses on system performance, especially for longer waveguides, emphasizing the importance of accurate loss modeling. Despite these challenges, PASs consistently outperform conventional systems in terms of reliability and data rate, underscoring their potential to enable high-performance programmable wireless environments.

Performance Analysis of Pinching-Antenna Systems

TL;DR

This work addresses the challenge of high-frequency path loss in programmable wireless environments by analyzing pinching antenna systems (PASs) that leverage dielectric waveguides to create radiating points along the waveguide. It develops a comprehensive analytical framework that yields closed-form outage probability and average rate expressions accounting for both free-space loss and waveguide attenuation, and determines the optimal horizontal placement of pinching antennas to maximize received SNR. The findings show that waveguide losses significantly affect performance, especially for longer waveguides, yet PASs consistently outperform conventional fixed-antenna systems in both reliability and data rate. The results provide practical deployment insights, demonstrating PASs’ potential to enable high-performance, programmable wireless environments and informing future work on multi-user PAS deployments and integration into PWEs.

Abstract

The sixth generation of wireless networks envisions intelligent and adaptive environments capable of meeting the demands of emerging applications such as immersive extended reality, advanced healthcare, and the metaverse. However, this vision requires overcoming critical challenges, including the limitations of conventional wireless technologies in mitigating path loss and dynamically adapting to diverse user needs. Among the proposed reconfigurable technologies, pinching antenna systems (PASs) offer a novel way to turn path loss into a programmable parameter by using dielectric waveguides to minimize propagation losses at high frequencies. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive analytical framework that derives closed-form expressions for the outage probability and average rate of PASs while incorporating both free-space path loss and waveguide attenuation under realistic conditions. In addition, we characterize the optimal placement of pinching antennas to maximize performance under waveguide losses. Numerical results show the significant impact of waveguide losses on system performance, especially for longer waveguides, emphasizing the importance of accurate loss modeling. Despite these challenges, PASs consistently outperform conventional systems in terms of reliability and data rate, underscoring their potential to enable high-performance programmable wireless environments.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 17 sections, 4 theorems, 50 equations, 6 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Motivation
  3. Contribution
  4. Structure
  5. System Model
  6. Performance Analysis
  7. Outage Probability
  8. Average rate
  9. Optimal Position of Pinching Antenna
  10. Numerical Results
  11. Conclusion
  12. Calculation of $I_i$ and $I_j$ integrals
  13. Integral $I_i$
  14. Integral $I_j$
  15. Calculation of $I_A$ and $I_B$ integrals
  16. ...and 2 more sections

Key Result

Proposition 1

The outage probability of a PAS with a single pinching antenna placed at $(x_m,0,h)$ and a single-antenna user whose location is described by coordinates $x_m$ and $y_m$ can be expressed as in Table TableOut, with $C=\frac{\eta P_t}{\gamma_{\mathrm{thr}} \sigma^2}$ where $\gamma_{\mathrm{thr}}$ is t

Figures (6)

  • Figure 1: Overview of pinching antenna system.
  • Figure 2: Outage probability versus $\gamma_t$ for a PAS with one pinching antenna.
  • Figure 3: Outage probability versus $\gamma_t$ for a PAS with one pinching antenna for various $\alpha$ values and a) $D_x=10$ m, and b) $D_x=30$ m.
  • Figure 4: Outage probability versus $\gamma_t$ for a PAS with $N$ pinching antennas.
  • Figure 5: Average rate versus $\gamma_t$ for a PAS with one pinching antenna.
  • ...and 1 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (7)

  • Proposition 1
  • Remark 1
  • Proposition 2
  • Proposition 3
  • Remark 2
  • Proposition 4
  • Remark 3