Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Edge Cyber and Physical Resources for Resilient Power System Operation

TL;DR

The paper addresses resilience of cyber-physical power systems under contingencies by formulating a bi-level cooperative optimization that couples cyber topology reconfiguration with physical resource control. The upper level minimizes cyber deployment and link costs $f_{ ext{cyber}}$, while the lower level optimizes physical operation and resilience $f_{ ext{power}}$ and $f_{ ext{res}}$ under coupled constraints, using a flow-based STP-inspired cyber topology and standard ACOPF physics. It introduces an adaptive algorithm to reconfigure cyber paths and deploy backup resources (e.g., ESS) in response to cyber-physical attacks, demonstrated on a modified IEEE 14-bus system with results showing effective isolation of compromised nodes, rapid topology reconfiguration, and restoration of voltage and power balance. This approach offers a practical framework for grid-edge resource coordination to maintain operation during cyber-physical threats and can be extended to larger networks.

Abstract

The cooperative operation of grid-edge power and energy resources is crucial to improving the resilience of power systems during contingencies. However, given the complex cyber-physical nature of power grids, it is hard to respond timely with limited costs for deploying additional cyber and/or phyiscal resources, such as during a high-impact low-frequency cyber-physical event. Therefore, the paper examines the design of cooperative cyber-physical resource optimization solutions to control grid-tied cyber and physical resources. First, the operation of a cyber-physical power system is formulated into a constrained optimization problem, including the cyber and physical objectives and constraints. Then, a bi-level solution is provided to obtain optimal cyber and physical actions, including the reconfiguration of cyber topology (e.g., activation of communication links) in the cyber layer and the control of physical resources (e.g., energy storage systems) in the physical layer. The developed method improves grid resilience during cyberattacks and can provide guidance on the control of coupled physical side resources. Numerical simulation on a modified IEEE 14-bus system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Figures (4)

• Figure 1: A depiction of cyber and physical topologies for CPPSs, with four critical cyber nodes and nine physical buses.
• Figure 2: Construction of cyber communication networks (black solid lines denote the physical power lines, critical cyber nodes are colored in orange).
• Figure 3: Active power generation of all generators after the cyber-physical attack.
• Figure 4: Active charging/discharging power of the ESS, and voltage magnitude of Bus 6 (before and after mitigation).

Theorems & Definitions (2)

• Remark 1
• Remark 2