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Investigating the exclusive toponium production at the LHC and FCC

Reinaldo Francener, Victor P. Goncalves, Daniel E. Martins

TL;DR

This work investigates the exclusive production of the pseudoscalar toponium state $\eta_t$ in $pp$, $pPb$, and $PbPb$ collisions at LHC and FCC energies, focusing on central exclusive production via $\gamma\gamma$ and $gg$ interactions. It implements the $\gamma\gamma$ channel using Weizsäcker–Williams photon fluxes and the $gg$ channel within the Khoze–Martin–Ryskin framework with skewed unintegrated gluon densities and gap survival factors, evaluating cross sections and rapidity distributions for the $1S$ state. The results show that $\gamma\gamma$ processes dominate, with cross sections increasing from LHC to FCC; event yields are small in $pp$ collisions but potentially more favorable at FCC, while heavy-ion runs yield larger cross sections yet are limited by luminosity, making observation challenging. The study provides a quantitative baseline for the possible observability of $\eta_t$ in exclusive processes, highlights experimental strategies with forward detectors, and outlines future work on decay channels and background suppression to assess actual detection prospects at the FCC.

Abstract

An exploratory study of the exclusive toponium production in $pp$, $pPb$ and $PbPb$ collisions at the center - of - mass energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC) is performed. Assuming that the toponium is a pseudoscalar $t\bar{t}$ state, we consider its exclusive production by photon and gluon - induced interactions. Results for the total cross - sections and associated rapidity distributions are presented, and the number of events at the LHC and FCC are estimated.

Investigating the exclusive toponium production at the LHC and FCC

TL;DR

This work investigates the exclusive production of the pseudoscalar toponium state in , , and collisions at LHC and FCC energies, focusing on central exclusive production via and interactions. It implements the channel using Weizsäcker–Williams photon fluxes and the channel within the Khoze–Martin–Ryskin framework with skewed unintegrated gluon densities and gap survival factors, evaluating cross sections and rapidity distributions for the state. The results show that processes dominate, with cross sections increasing from LHC to FCC; event yields are small in collisions but potentially more favorable at FCC, while heavy-ion runs yield larger cross sections yet are limited by luminosity, making observation challenging. The study provides a quantitative baseline for the possible observability of in exclusive processes, highlights experimental strategies with forward detectors, and outlines future work on decay channels and background suppression to assess actual detection prospects at the FCC.

Abstract

An exploratory study of the exclusive toponium production in , and collisions at the center - of - mass energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC) is performed. Assuming that the toponium is a pseudoscalar state, we consider its exclusive production by photon and gluon - induced interactions. Results for the total cross - sections and associated rapidity distributions are presented, and the number of events at the LHC and FCC are estimated.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 4 sections, 8 equations, 3 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Formalism
  3. Results
  4. Summary

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Exclusive $\eta_t$ production by photon (left panel) and gluon - induced (right panel) interactions in hadronic collisions.
  • Figure 2: Invariant mass distribution for the exclusive toponium production by $\gamma \gamma$ interactions in $pp$ collisions at the FCC energy ($\sqrt{s} = 100$ TeV), obtained using the partial decay width of the toponium into two photons derived in Refs. Wang:2024hzd and Jiang:2024fyw. For comparison, the prediction for the exclusive open $t\bar{t}$ production is also presented.
  • Figure 3: Rapidity distributions for the exclusive toponium production by $\gamma \gamma$ interactions in $pp$, $pPb$ and $PbPb$ collisions at the LHC (left panel) and FCC (right panel). The lower and upper values of the bands are associated with the results for the partial decay width of the toponium into two photons derived in Refs. Wang:2024hzd and Jiang:2024fyw, respectively.