Are you a DePIN? A Decision Tree to Classify Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks
Michael S. Andrew, Mark C. Ballandies
TL;DR
The paper introduces a decision-tree framework to objectively identify DePIN systems by enforcing three core criteria: a three-sided platform, token-based incentives for supply, and incentivized placement of physical assets. It demonstrates the taxonomy on multiple blockchain systems to illustrate DePIN vs. non-DePIN and DePIN-support classifications, and discusses terminology (DeREN, DeTIS) and the need for a neutral, extensible DePIN database. While the approach provides a practical tool for researchers and developers, it also acknowledges biases from crowd-sourced inputs and calls for community-driven refinement and broader decentralization criteria. The work lays groundwork for systematic analysis of DePIN designs and their real-world impact, enabling more rigorous cross-system comparisons and future design insights.
Abstract
Decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePINs) are an emerging vertical within "Web3" replacing the traditional method that physical infrastructures are constructed. Yet, the boundaries between DePIN and traditional method of building crowd-sourced infrastructures such as citizen science initiatives or other Web3 verticals are not always so clear cut. In this work, we systematically analyze the differences between DePIN and other Web2 and Web3 verticals. For this, the study proposes a novel decision tree for classifying systems as DePIN. This tree is informed by prior studies and differentiates DePIN from related concepts using criteria such as the presence of a three-sided market, token-based incentives for supply, and the requirement for physical asset placement in those systems. The paper demonstrates the application of the decision tree to various blockchain systems, including Helium and Bitcoin, showcasing its practical utility in differentiating DePIN systems. This research offers significant contributions towards establishing a more objective and systematic approach to identifying and categorizing DePIN systems. It lays the groundwork for creating a comprehensive and unbiased database of DePIN systems, which will inform future research and development within this emerging sector.