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Harnessing Rydberg Atomic Receivers: From Quantum Physics to Wireless Communications

Yuanbin Chen, Xufeng Guo, Chau Yuen, Yufei Zhao, Yong Liang Guan, Chong Meng Samson See, Merouane Débbah, Lajos Hanzo

Abstract

The intrinsic integration of Rydberg atomic receivers into wireless communication systems is proposed, by harnessing the principles of quantum physics in wireless communications. More particularly, we conceive a pair of Rydberg atomic receivers, one incorporates a local oscillator (LO), referred to as an LO-dressed receiver, while the other operates without an LO and is termed an LO-free receiver. The appropriate wireless model is developed for each configuration, elaborating on the receiver's responses to the radio frequency (RF) signal, on the potential noise sources, and on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance. The developed wireless model conforms to the classical RF framework, facilitating compatibility with established signal processing methodologies. Next, we investigate the associated distortion effects that might occur, specifically identifying the conditions under which distortion arises and demonstrating the boundaries of linear dynamic ranges. This provides critical insights into its practical implementations in wireless systems. Finally, extensive simulation results are provided for characterizing the performance of wireless systems, harnessing this pair of Rydberg atomic receivers. Our results demonstrate that LO-dressed systems achieve a significant SNR gain of approximately 40~50 dB over conventional RF receivers in the standard quantum limit regime. This SNR head-room translates into reduced symbol error rates, enabling efficient and reliable transmission with higher-order constellations.

Harnessing Rydberg Atomic Receivers: From Quantum Physics to Wireless Communications

Abstract

The intrinsic integration of Rydberg atomic receivers into wireless communication systems is proposed, by harnessing the principles of quantum physics in wireless communications. More particularly, we conceive a pair of Rydberg atomic receivers, one incorporates a local oscillator (LO), referred to as an LO-dressed receiver, while the other operates without an LO and is termed an LO-free receiver. The appropriate wireless model is developed for each configuration, elaborating on the receiver's responses to the radio frequency (RF) signal, on the potential noise sources, and on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance. The developed wireless model conforms to the classical RF framework, facilitating compatibility with established signal processing methodologies. Next, we investigate the associated distortion effects that might occur, specifically identifying the conditions under which distortion arises and demonstrating the boundaries of linear dynamic ranges. This provides critical insights into its practical implementations in wireless systems. Finally, extensive simulation results are provided for characterizing the performance of wireless systems, harnessing this pair of Rydberg atomic receivers. Our results demonstrate that LO-dressed systems achieve a significant SNR gain of approximately 40~50 dB over conventional RF receivers in the standard quantum limit regime. This SNR head-room translates into reduced symbol error rates, enabling efficient and reliable transmission with higher-order constellations.
Paper Structure (33 sections, 73 equations, 10 figures)

This paper contains 33 sections, 73 equations, 10 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Fundamentals of Rydberg Atoms
  3. State-of-the-Art in Rydberg Atomic Receivers
  4. The Advantages
  5. Motivation and Our Contributions
  6. Preliminaries
  7. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
  8. Probe Laser Transmission
  9. Master Equation
  10. Modeling From Quantum Physics To Wireless Systems
  11. LO-Free Rydberg Atomic Receiver
  12. LO-Dressed Rydberg Atomic Receiver
  13. Noise Modeling
  14. Noise Sources
  15. LO-Free Rydberg Atomic Receiver
  16. ...and 18 more sections

Figures (10)

  • Figure 1: Illustration of the Rydberg atomic receivers and measurement principles. (a) Energy level diagram. (b) EIT and AT-splitting based measurement. (c) LO-free Rydberg atomic receiver. (d) LO-dressed Rydberg atomic receiver.
  • Figure 2: Noise modeling for the LO-free and the LO-dressed Rydberg atomic receivers as well as the conventional RF receiver.
  • Figure 3: The probe laser transmission $P_{\text{out}}$ versus the coupling detuning $\Delta_c$ and RF Rabi frequency $\Omega_{\text{RF}}$.
  • Figure 4: The probe laser transmission heatmap as a function of the coupling detuning $\Delta_c / 2\pi$ and the ratio $\mathcal{R}$.
  • Figure 5: The probe laser transmission $P_\text{out}$ versus the coupling detuning $\Delta_c$ and the free-space link distance $d_{\rm Tx–Rx}$.
  • ...and 5 more figures