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LLM-Ehnanced Holonic Architecture for Ad-Hoc Scalable SoS

Muhammad Ashfaq, Ahmed R. Sadik, Tommi Mikkonen, Muhammad Waseem, Niko Mäkitalo

TL;DR

The paper addresses interoperability, reconfigurability, and human interaction in modern system-of-systems (SoS) by extending holonic architectures with a layered, LLM-powered reasoning capability. It introduces a three-layer holon design (reasoning, communication, capabilities) and four specialized holons—supervisor, planner, task, and resource—to enable dynamic, real-time adaptation across heterogeneous constituents, with ROS-based communication to invoke capabilities. A 3D mobility case study demonstrates coordinating ground and aerial vehicles in urban environments and illustrates natural-language human interaction via an integrated Human Resource Holon. The work outlines evaluation methods and future directions, including simulations and real-world validation, while addressing potential ethical, safety, and privacy concerns.

Abstract

As modern system of systems (SoS) become increasingly adaptive and human centred, traditional architectures often struggle to support interoperability, reconfigurability, and effective human system interaction. This paper addresses these challenges by advancing the state of the art holonic architecture for SoS, offering two main contributions to support these adaptive needs. First, we propose a layered architecture for holons, which includes reasoning, communication, and capabilities layers. This design facilitates seamless interoperability among heterogeneous constituent systems by improving data exchange and integration. Second, inspired by principles of intelligent manufacturing, we introduce specialised holons namely, supervisor, planner, task, and resource holons aimed at enhancing the adaptability and reconfigurability of SoS. These specialised holons utilise large language models within their reasoning layers to support decision making and ensure real time adaptability. We demonstrate our approach through a 3D mobility case study focused on smart city transportation, showcasing its potential for managing complex, multimodal SoS environments. Additionally, we propose evaluation methods to assess the architecture efficiency and scalability,laying the groundwork for future empirical validations through simulations and real world implementations.

LLM-Ehnanced Holonic Architecture for Ad-Hoc Scalable SoS

TL;DR

The paper addresses interoperability, reconfigurability, and human interaction in modern system-of-systems (SoS) by extending holonic architectures with a layered, LLM-powered reasoning capability. It introduces a three-layer holon design (reasoning, communication, capabilities) and four specialized holons—supervisor, planner, task, and resource—to enable dynamic, real-time adaptation across heterogeneous constituents, with ROS-based communication to invoke capabilities. A 3D mobility case study demonstrates coordinating ground and aerial vehicles in urban environments and illustrates natural-language human interaction via an integrated Human Resource Holon. The work outlines evaluation methods and future directions, including simulations and real-world validation, while addressing potential ethical, safety, and privacy concerns.

Abstract

As modern system of systems (SoS) become increasingly adaptive and human centred, traditional architectures often struggle to support interoperability, reconfigurability, and effective human system interaction. This paper addresses these challenges by advancing the state of the art holonic architecture for SoS, offering two main contributions to support these adaptive needs. First, we propose a layered architecture for holons, which includes reasoning, communication, and capabilities layers. This design facilitates seamless interoperability among heterogeneous constituent systems by improving data exchange and integration. Second, inspired by principles of intelligent manufacturing, we introduce specialised holons namely, supervisor, planner, task, and resource holons aimed at enhancing the adaptability and reconfigurability of SoS. These specialised holons utilise large language models within their reasoning layers to support decision making and ensure real time adaptability. We demonstrate our approach through a 3D mobility case study focused on smart city transportation, showcasing its potential for managing complex, multimodal SoS environments. Additionally, we propose evaluation methods to assess the architecture efficiency and scalability,laying the groundwork for future empirical validations through simulations and real world implementations.
Paper Structure (27 sections, 4 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 27 sections, 4 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Background and Related Work
  3. System of Systems (SoS)
  4. Holonic Architecture
  5. Large Language Models (LLMs)
  6. Enhanced Holonic Architecture
  7. Holon
  8. Reasoning Layer:
  9. Communication Layer:
  10. Capabilities Layer:
  11. Specialized Holons
  12. Supervisor Holon:
  13. Planner Holon:
  14. Task Holon:
  15. Resource Holon:
  16. ...and 12 more sections

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Layered structure of a holon showing the hierarchical relationship between reasoning, communication, and capabilities layers, with their respective sub-components and interactions.
  • Figure 2: Specialised holons and the workflow relationships among them.
  • Figure 3: 3D Mobility Holonic Architecture for coordinating air and ground transport resources in urban environments.
  • Figure 4: Sequence diagram of the 3D Mobility SoS, illustrating task coordination from user request to plan execution across transport modes.