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Multiple-Satellite Cooperative Information Communication and Location Sensing in LEO Satellite Constellations

Qi Wang, Xiaoming Chen, Qiao Qi, Mili Li, Wolfgang Gerstacker

TL;DR

This work addresses the challenge of delivering global, low-latency information services while simultaneously performing accurate location sensing in LEO satellite constellations. It proposes a dual-function framework that jointly designs multi-satellite communication beamforming and sensing waveform, leveraging inter-satellite links to enable cooperative information transmission and target localization. The approach combines SDR-based optimization with a penalty method to enforce rank-one solutions and a PSO-based direct location sensing algorithm, achieving improved localization accuracy (CRB) without sacrificing UE rates. Simulation results show that cooperative satellite collaboration and larger UPAs enhance sensing accuracy and data rates, demonstrating practical potential for 6G ISAC in space–air–ground networks.

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) and ubiquitous connectivity are two usage scenarios of sixth generation (6G) networks. In this context, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, as an important component of 6G networks, is expected to provide ISAC services across the globe. In this paper, we propose a novel dual-function LEO satellite constellation framework that realizes information communication for multiple user equipments (UEs) and location sensing for interested target simultaneously with the same hardware and spectrum. In order to improve both information transmission rate and location sensing accuracy within limited wireless resources under dynamic environment, we design a multiple-satellite cooperative information communication and location sensing algorithm by jointly optimizing communication beamforming and sensing waveform according to the characteristics of LEO satellite constellation. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed algorithms.

Multiple-Satellite Cooperative Information Communication and Location Sensing in LEO Satellite Constellations

TL;DR

This work addresses the challenge of delivering global, low-latency information services while simultaneously performing accurate location sensing in LEO satellite constellations. It proposes a dual-function framework that jointly designs multi-satellite communication beamforming and sensing waveform, leveraging inter-satellite links to enable cooperative information transmission and target localization. The approach combines SDR-based optimization with a penalty method to enforce rank-one solutions and a PSO-based direct location sensing algorithm, achieving improved localization accuracy (CRB) without sacrificing UE rates. Simulation results show that cooperative satellite collaboration and larger UPAs enhance sensing accuracy and data rates, demonstrating practical potential for 6G ISAC in space–air–ground networks.

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) and ubiquitous connectivity are two usage scenarios of sixth generation (6G) networks. In this context, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, as an important component of 6G networks, is expected to provide ISAC services across the globe. In this paper, we propose a novel dual-function LEO satellite constellation framework that realizes information communication for multiple user equipments (UEs) and location sensing for interested target simultaneously with the same hardware and spectrum. In order to improve both information transmission rate and location sensing accuracy within limited wireless resources under dynamic environment, we design a multiple-satellite cooperative information communication and location sensing algorithm by jointly optimizing communication beamforming and sensing waveform according to the characteristics of LEO satellite constellation. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed algorithms.
Paper Structure (11 sections, 57 equations, 10 figures, 2 tables, 2 algorithms)

This paper contains 11 sections, 57 equations, 10 figures, 2 tables, 2 algorithms.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System Model
  3. Cooperative Information Communication Model
  4. Cooperative Location Sensing Model
  5. Design of Multiple-satellite Cooperative Information Communication and Location Sensing
  6. Problem Formulation
  7. Algorithm Design
  8. Algorithm Analysis
  9. Simulation Results
  10. Conclusion
  11. Calculation of Jacobian matrixs ${{\bf{J}}}$

Figures (10)

  • Figure 1: System model for dual-function LEO satellite constellation.
  • Figure 2: System flowchart.
  • Figure 3: Convergence behavior of Algorithm 1.
  • Figure 4: Convergence behavior of Algorithm 2.
  • Figure 5: Types of LEO satellites collaboration.
  • ...and 5 more figures