Optimizing Global Quantum Communication via Satellite Constellations

TL;DR

This work tackles global quantum communication by introducing a satellite-relay architecture that uses a small number of equatorial satellites and Molniya orbits to reduce latency and extend hemispheric coverage. It reframes performance from instantaneous link efficiency to total photon transmission over an orbital period, supported by city-clustering optimization, orbital-geometry calculations, and elevation/slant-range analyses. Experimental-style analyses link elevation and distance to key-generation rates, informing the design of a scalable quantum network. The proposed quantum-relay framework and Molniya-orbit strategy provide a practical blueprint for deploying a robust, global QKD network in the near term.

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the optimization of global quantum communication through satellite constellations. We address the challenge of quantum key distribution (QKD) across vast distances and the limitations posed by terrestrial fiber-optic networks. Our research focuses on the configuration of satellite constellations to improve QKD between ground stations and the application of innovative orbital mechanics to reduce latency in quantum information transfer. We introduce a novel approach using quantum relay satellites in Molniya orbits, enhancing communication efficiency and coverage. The use of these high eccentricity orbits allows us to extend the operational presence of satellites over targeted hemispheres, thus maximizing the quantum network's reach. Our findings provide a strategic framework for deploying quantum satellites and relay systems to achieve a robust and efficient global quantum communication network.

Figures (3)

• Figure 1: Key Generation Rate vs Elevation Angle
• Figure 2: Key Generation Rate vs Slant Range
• Figure 3: Total Transmission Bits vs Altitudes