A technical solution for the rule of law, peace, security, and evolvability of global cyberspace -- solve the three genetic defects of IP network

TL;DR

This paper addresses the core defects of the IP-based Internet—centralized governance, insecure and traceable challenges, and rigid architecture—by proposing the Co-governed Multi-Identifier Network (CoG-MIN). It couples a blockchain-based Multi-Identifier System (MIS) with a Multi-Identifier Router (MIR) to enable democratic governance, endogenous security, and cross-identifier interoperability while remaining IP-compatible and enabling a gradual transition away from IP. The authors formalize security through a trilogy of results: Theorem A (no IP solution guarantees deterministic security), Theorem B (future architectures can achieve exponential security improvements), and Conjecture C (deterministic security may exist in future cyberspace via a multi-layered framework spanning technical, management, legal, and insurance domains). Empirically, MIN undergoes extensive prototype testing, IoT/IIoT and V2X demonstrations, and participation in high-profile security competitions, supporting its resilience and practicality, with early industrial adoption by major telecom operators. The work aims to provide a globally inclusive, secure, and evolvable cyberspace foundation capable of addressing governance, security, and innovation needs at scale.

Abstract

Since its inception in the 1960s, the internet has profoundly transformed human life. However, its original design now struggles to meet the evolving demands of modern society. Three primary defects have emerged: First, the concentration of power among a few dominant entities has intensified international conflicts and widened the technological divide. Second, the Internet Protocol (IP)-based system lacks inherent security, leading to frequent global cybersecurity incidents. Third, the rigidity of the IP protocol has hindered the sustainable development of cyberspace, as it resists necessary adaptations and innovations. Addressing these issues is crucial for the future resilience and security of the global digital landscape. To address these challenges, we propose the Co-governed Multi-Identifier Network (CoG-MIN briefly as MIN), a novel network architecture that leverages blockchain technology to ensure equal participation of countries worldwide in cyberspace governance and the rule of law. As a next-generation network system, CoG-MIN integrates mechanisms such as user authentication, data signatures, and encryption to significantly enhance network security. In testing environments, CoG-MIN has consistently withstood extensive attacks during various international cybersecurity competitions. Additionally, CoG-MIN supports the evolution and interoperability of different identifier systems, remains IP-compatible, and facilitates a gradual transition away from IP, providing an adaptable ecosystem for diverse network architectures. This adaptability fosters the development and evolution of diverse network architectures within CoG-MIN, making it a natural progression for the internet's future development. We further introduce a trilogy of cyberspace security theorems... (Due to character limitations, the full abstract is available in the paper PDF.)

Figures (9)

• Figure 1: Overall architecture of MIN
• Figure 2: Different MIN network packet structuresque2021network
• Figure 3: Multi-Identifier System achieves co-governed networkli2021co
• Figure 4: Processing flow of MIR for different MIN network packetsque2021network
• Figure 5: Cyberspace Customs protects the sovereignty of each country's cyberspace border