Double-Directional V2V Channel Measurement using ReRoMA at 60 GHz

TL;DR

This work addresses the need for accurate mmWave V2V channel models by delivering real-world, double-directional measurements at 60 GHz using the ReRoMA rotating-mirror sounder. The authors perform extensive campaigns in convoy, opposite-lane, and overtaking scenarios, extracting key channel parameters including path loss with coefficients $n_{ m omni}=1.91$ and $n_{ m max-dir}=1.90$, RMS delay spreads from $5$ to $110$ ns, and Fleury-based angular spreads from $0.05$ to $0.4$ (unitless). They provide a detailed evaluation pipeline and synthesize omnidirectional PDPs, along with directional PDPs, to quantify MPC distributions via the $ ext{κ}$ metric and to assess stationarity times under different correlation thresholds. The results reveal a predominantly LOS-dominated, compact angular spread environment with measurable multipath reflections from nearby structures, offering practical insights for designing high-data-rate, low-latency V2V mmWave systems and creating physically grounded double-directional channel models for future 5G/6G deployments. Overall, the dataset and analyses deliver a rigorous basis for V2V mmWave system design, emphasizing dynamic, directionally-resolved propagation in realistic driving contexts.

Abstract

The coordination of vehicles is a crucial element of autonomous driving, as it enhances the efficiency, convenience, and safety of road traffic. In order to fully exploit the capabilities of such coordination, communication with high data rate and low latency is required. It can be reasonably argued that millimeter-wave (mm-wave) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) systems are capable of fulfilling the aforementioned requirements. Nevertheless, in order to develop a system that can be deployed in real-world scenarios and to gain an understanding of the various effects of mm-wave propagation, it is necessary to perform radio propagation measurements and to derive radio channel models from them across a range of scenarios and environments. To this end, we have conducted measurement campaigns at 60\,GHz in a variety of situations, including driving in a convoy, driving in opposite direction on a six-lane road, and overtaking. These measurements employ a channel sounder based on ReRoMA, a recently introduced concept that enables the real-time measurement of dynamic double-directional radio channels. The evaluations presented herein encompass key channel parameters, including the path loss (path loss coefficient of approximately 1.9), the root mean square (RMS) delay spread (within a range of 5\,ns to 110\,ns), the angular spreads (in a range of 0.05 to 0.4), the power distribution among multipath components, and the channel stationarity time (multiple seconds).

Figures (23)

• Figure 1: ReRoMA sample configuration diagram
• Figure 2: High-level Sounder Diagram
• Figure 3: Convoy driving scenario: map view
• Figure 4: Opposite side and overtaking scenarios: map view. RX follows the track marked by a brown arrow for both scenarios. TX follows the track market by an orange arrow for opposite sides scenario, and is parked at the red cross location for overtaking scenario.
• Figure 5: Convoy scenario: time-variant omnidirectional PDP. Main reflectors were identified as buildings (Gerontology, Physical Education, Leavy Library), cranes and trucks. Upper left sub-figure shows the time when the TX-RX distance was minimal because of the U-turn. Other components are traceable aswell but were omitted for visibility and space reasons.