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A Robust Solver for Phasor-Domain Short-Circuit Analysis with Inverter-Based Resources

Aboutaleb Haddadi, Evangelos Farantatos, Ilhan Kocar

Abstract

The integration of Inverter-Based Resource (IBR) model into phasor-domain short circuit (SC) solvers challenges their numerical stability. To address the challenge, this paper proposes a solver that improves numerical stability by employing the Newton-Raphson iterative method. The solver can integrate the latest implementation of IBR SC model in industry-standard fault analysis programs including the voltage controlled current source tabular model as well as vendor-specific black-box and white-box equation-based models. The superior numerical stability of the proposed solver has been mathematically demonstrated, with identified convergence conditions. An algorithm for the implementation of the proposed solver in fault analysis programs has been developed. The objective is to improve the capability of the industry to accurately represent IBRs in SC studies and ensure system protection reliability in an IBR-dominated future.

A Robust Solver for Phasor-Domain Short-Circuit Analysis with Inverter-Based Resources

Abstract

The integration of Inverter-Based Resource (IBR) model into phasor-domain short circuit (SC) solvers challenges their numerical stability. To address the challenge, this paper proposes a solver that improves numerical stability by employing the Newton-Raphson iterative method. The solver can integrate the latest implementation of IBR SC model in industry-standard fault analysis programs including the voltage controlled current source tabular model as well as vendor-specific black-box and white-box equation-based models. The superior numerical stability of the proposed solver has been mathematically demonstrated, with identified convergence conditions. An algorithm for the implementation of the proposed solver in fault analysis programs has been developed. The objective is to improve the capability of the industry to accurately represent IBRs in SC studies and ensure system protection reliability in an IBR-dominated future.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 12 sections, 13 equations, 14 figures, 6 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Numerical Stability Challenges of A Traditional Short Circuit Solver under Inverter-Based Resources
  3. The Proposed Solver
  4. Solver 1
  5. Solver 2
  6. Solver Algorithm
  7. Case Studies and Simulation Results
  8. Case 1: Single-IBR Test System
  9. Case 2: Multi-IBR Test System
  10. Conclusion
  11. Convergence of Solver 1
  12. Convergence of Solver 2

Figures (14)

  • Figure 1: Equivalent circuit employed by a traditional phasor-domain SC solver to determine the fault current contribution of an IBR model.
  • Figure 2: Simple test system (the parameters are in per unit (pu) at 100 MVA base.)
  • Figure 3: Geometrical interpretation of the iteration of the proposed solver.
  • Figure 4: The proposed IBR SC model.
  • Figure 5: Calculation of $\textrm{Y}_\textrm{n}[\textrm{k}]$ for an IBR VCCS tabular model.
  • ...and 9 more figures