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Artificial Intelligence for Collective Intelligence: A National-Scale Research Strategy

Seth Bullock, Nirav Ajmeri, Mike Batty, Michaela Black, John Cartlidge, Robert Challen, Cangxiong Chen, Jing Chen, Joan Condell, Leon Danon, Adam Dennett, Alison Heppenstall, Paul Marshall, Phil Morgan, Aisling O'Kane, Laura G. E. Smith, Theresa Smith, Hywel T. P. Williams

TL;DR

Addresses how to engineer AI to support collective action at national scale by integrating five application themes with cross-cutting governance. Proposes the AI4CI Hub and Loop to coordinate data gathering and agent-driven interventions across domains like healthcare, finance, environment, pandemics, and cities, while embedding human-centred design, governance, and responsible innovation. The work identifies unifying challenges—human, technical, and scale—and outlines stakeholder engagement and sustainability guidelines to translate research into real-world impact. The anticipated outcome is scalable, privacy-preserving, and trustworthy AI-enabled coordination for public policy and citizen-facing decision support.

Abstract

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have great potential to help address societal challenges that are both collective in nature and present at national or trans-national scale. Pressing challenges in healthcare, finance, infrastructure and sustainability, for instance, might all be productively addressed by leveraging and amplifying AI for national-scale collective intelligence. The development and deployment of this kind of AI faces distinctive challenges, both technical and socio-technical. Here, a research strategy for mobilising inter-disciplinary research to address these challenges is detailed and some of the key issues that must be faced are outlined.

Artificial Intelligence for Collective Intelligence: A National-Scale Research Strategy

TL;DR

Addresses how to engineer AI to support collective action at national scale by integrating five application themes with cross-cutting governance. Proposes the AI4CI Hub and Loop to coordinate data gathering and agent-driven interventions across domains like healthcare, finance, environment, pandemics, and cities, while embedding human-centred design, governance, and responsible innovation. The work identifies unifying challenges—human, technical, and scale—and outlines stakeholder engagement and sustainability guidelines to translate research into real-world impact. The anticipated outcome is scalable, privacy-preserving, and trustworthy AI-enabled coordination for public policy and citizen-facing decision support.

Abstract

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have great potential to help address societal challenges that are both collective in nature and present at national or trans-national scale. Pressing challenges in healthcare, finance, infrastructure and sustainability, for instance, might all be productively addressed by leveraging and amplifying AI for national-scale collective intelligence. The development and deployment of this kind of AI faces distinctive challenges, both technical and socio-technical. Here, a research strategy for mobilising inter-disciplinary research to address these challenges is detailed and some of the key issues that must be faced are outlined.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 22 sections, 3 figures, 1 table.

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Left --- The AI4CI Loop: Machine learning and AI enable distributed real-time data streams to inform effective collective action via smart agents. Right --- The AI4CI Hub: Five applied research themes and two cross-cutting research themes are supported by the hub's central core.
  • Figure 2: An indicative snapshot of smart city datasets informing AI for collective intelligence research. Gentrification and displacement typologies for Greater London in 2011 at neighbourhood level with cartogram distortion based on London's residential population in 2011. Adapted from dennett2020.
  • Figure 3: A snapshot of pandemic datasets informing AI for collective intelligence research. Regionally disaggregated datasets relate the level and growth rate of COVID-19 cases (phase plots) with the rate of digital contact tracing alerts delivered to citizens by the NHS mobile phone app (maps) at two points in time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Left --- December 20$^{\mathrm{th}}$ 2020: the alpha variant is spreading in the south-east despite a 'circuit-breaker' lockdown. Right --- July 31$^{\mathrm{st}}$ 2021: Digital contact tracing alerts are triggered by high COVID-19 case burden