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Functional Verification for Endcap Concentrator ASICs in the High-Granularity Calorimeter Upgrade of CMS

M. Lupi, G. Bergamin, D. Ceresa, D. Coko, G. Cummings, V. Gingu, M. Hammer, J. Hirschauer, J. Hoff, N. Kharwadkar, S. Kulis, C. Mantilla-Suarez, D. Noonan, P. Rubinov, S. Scarfì, A. Shenai, C. Syal, X. Wang, R. Wickwire, J. Wilson

TL;DR

This paper addresses the functional verification of the Endcap Concentrator ASICs (ECON-D and ECON-T) for the CMS High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) readout chain. It presents a Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)-based strategy that emphasizes reuse of verification components, CI-driven development, and formal methods to ensure correctness under radiation-induced effects. A three-tier testbench approach (block, ASIC, system) plus a HGCROC emulator enables realistic coverage, including SEU/SET fault injections to assess SEE tolerance. The results show successful sign-off with substantial bug discovery counts and complete functional coverage, and production fabrication was submitted in late 2023 with no major issues, reinforcing the reliability of the detector readout system in high-radiation environments.

Abstract

The High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) will replace the current CMS Endcap Calorimeter during Long-Shutdown 3. The Endcap Concentrator (ECON) ASICs represent key elements in the readout chain, processing trigger (ECON-T) and data (ECON-D) streams from the HGCROC to the lpGBT. The ECONs will operate in a radiation environment with a High-Energy Hadron (${E\geq20MeV}$) flux up to $2\cdot10^{7} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$. This contribution describes the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)-based functional verification of the ECON ASICs focusing on the re-use of existing components to manage the complexity of the verification environment.

Functional Verification for Endcap Concentrator ASICs in the High-Granularity Calorimeter Upgrade of CMS

TL;DR

This paper addresses the functional verification of the Endcap Concentrator ASICs (ECON-D and ECON-T) for the CMS High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) readout chain. It presents a Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)-based strategy that emphasizes reuse of verification components, CI-driven development, and formal methods to ensure correctness under radiation-induced effects. A three-tier testbench approach (block, ASIC, system) plus a HGCROC emulator enables realistic coverage, including SEU/SET fault injections to assess SEE tolerance. The results show successful sign-off with substantial bug discovery counts and complete functional coverage, and production fabrication was submitted in late 2023 with no major issues, reinforcing the reliability of the detector readout system in high-radiation environments.

Abstract

The High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) will replace the current CMS Endcap Calorimeter during Long-Shutdown 3. The Endcap Concentrator (ECON) ASICs represent key elements in the readout chain, processing trigger (ECON-T) and data (ECON-D) streams from the HGCROC to the lpGBT. The ECONs will operate in a radiation environment with a High-Energy Hadron () flux up to . This contribution describes the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)-based functional verification of the ECON ASICs focusing on the re-use of existing components to manage the complexity of the verification environment.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 6 sections, 2 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Verification strategy
  3. Testbench architecture and vertical re-use
  4. Verification of SEE tolerance
  5. Runtime of sign-off runs
  6. Conclusions

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Example of generic detector module with multiple lpGBTs, HGCROCs and two ECONs.
  • Figure 2: Example of system-level testbench for ECOND. The testbench re-uses multiple re-usable UVCs, in yellow, and some UVCs developed specifically for the ECONs verification. These are re-usable in both ECONs testbenches. In orange there are the UVCs developed specifically for the HGCROC.