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Monolithic 3D numerical modeling of granular cargo movement on bulk carriers in waves

Wibke Düsterhöft-Wriggers, Thomas Rung

Abstract

A novel monolithic approach for simulating vessels in waves with granular cargo is presented using a Finite Volume framework. This model integrates a three-phase Volume of Fluid method to represent air, water, and cargo, coupled with a granular material model. The approach incorporates vessel dynamics by assuming rigid-body motion for the vessel's empty hull. A three degrees of freedom rigid-body motion solver is applied for a 3D case study. The model also includes inviscid far-field boundary conditions facilitating the generation of linear waves approaching the vessel and applies a rigid-perfectly plastic material model for the granular phase. The model's efficacy is demonstrated through a validation of the three-phase Volume of the Fluid method, a verification of the granular material model, and finally, a reconstruction of the "Jian Fu Star" incident in a fully 3D simulation. This integrated approach is a feasibility study for investigating bulk carrier accidents, offering a powerful tool for maritime safety analysis and design optimization.

Monolithic 3D numerical modeling of granular cargo movement on bulk carriers in waves

Abstract

A novel monolithic approach for simulating vessels in waves with granular cargo is presented using a Finite Volume framework. This model integrates a three-phase Volume of Fluid method to represent air, water, and cargo, coupled with a granular material model. The approach incorporates vessel dynamics by assuming rigid-body motion for the vessel's empty hull. A three degrees of freedom rigid-body motion solver is applied for a 3D case study. The model also includes inviscid far-field boundary conditions facilitating the generation of linear waves approaching the vessel and applies a rigid-perfectly plastic material model for the granular phase. The model's efficacy is demonstrated through a validation of the three-phase Volume of the Fluid method, a verification of the granular material model, and finally, a reconstruction of the "Jian Fu Star" incident in a fully 3D simulation. This integrated approach is a feasibility study for investigating bulk carrier accidents, offering a powerful tool for maritime safety analysis and design optimization.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 9 sections, 30 equations, 18 figures, 2 tables, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Mathematical Model
  3. Numerical method
  4. Validation and verification studies
  5. 3D case study of bulk carrier in waves loaded with granular material
  6. Results of 3D Feasibility Study with Rigid Perfectly-Plastic Cargo
  7. Conclusion
  8. Appendix
  9. Vessel dimensions of "Jian Fu Star" model

Figures (18)

  • Figure 1: Initial geometry of three-phase dam break experiments by Jánosi et. al Janosi2004
  • Figure 2: Snap shots of experimental results from Jánosi et al. Janosi2004 and numerical results from the present three-phase Volume of Fluid method.
  • Figure 3: Initial set up of 2D soil dam breaking down a step test case by Larese Larese2013 with measurements given in meters.
  • Figure 4: Comparison of soil surfaces for a 2D soil dam breaking down a step at four time steps between the present FV, VoF method against pFEM results from Larese Larese2013.
  • Figure 5: Domain dimensions and bulk carrier geometry of 3D cargo vessel in waves.
  • ...and 13 more figures