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Performance Analysis of Resource Allocation Algorithms for Vehicle Platoons over 5G eV2X Communication

Gulabi Mandal, Anik Roy, Basabdatta Palit

TL;DR

A comprehensive vehicle platoon communication and control framework using OMNET + +, the benchmarking network simulation tool, and an inclusive and comparative study of three different platoon Information Flow Topologies (IFTs), namely Car-to-Server, Multi-Hop, and One-Hop over 5G to arrive at the best-suited IFT for platooning.

Abstract

Vehicle platooning is a cooperative driving technology that can be supported by 5G enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything (eV2X) communication to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and reduce fuel consumption. eV2X communication among the platoon vehicles involves the periodic exchange of Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) containing vehicle information under strict latency and reliability requirements. These requirements can be maintained by administering the assignment of resources, in terms of time slots and frequency bands, for CAM exchanges in a platoon, with the help of a resource allocation mechanism. State-of-the-art on control and communication design for vehicle platoons either consider a simplified platoon model with a detailed communication architecture or consider a simplified communication delay model with a detailed platoon control system. Departing from existing works, we have developed a comprehensive vehicle platoon communication and control framework using OMNET++, the benchmarking network simulation tool. We have carried out an inclusive and comparative study of three different platoon Information Flow Topologies (IFTs), namely Car-to-Server, Multi-Hop, and One-Hop over 5G using the Predecessor-leader following platoon control law to arrive at the best-suited IFT for platooning. Secondly, for the best-suited 5G eV2X platooning IFT selected, we have analyzed the performance of three different resource allocation algorithms, namely Maximum of Carrier to Interference Ratio (MaxC/I), Proportional Fair (PF), and Deficit Round Robin (DRR). Exhaustive system-level simulations show that the One-Hop information flow strategy along with the MaxC/I resource allocation yields the best Quality of Service (QoS) performance, in terms of latency, reliability, Age of Information (AoI), and throughput.

Performance Analysis of Resource Allocation Algorithms for Vehicle Platoons over 5G eV2X Communication

TL;DR

A comprehensive vehicle platoon communication and control framework using OMNET + +, the benchmarking network simulation tool, and an inclusive and comparative study of three different platoon Information Flow Topologies (IFTs), namely Car-to-Server, Multi-Hop, and One-Hop over 5G to arrive at the best-suited IFT for platooning.

Abstract

Vehicle platooning is a cooperative driving technology that can be supported by 5G enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything (eV2X) communication to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and reduce fuel consumption. eV2X communication among the platoon vehicles involves the periodic exchange of Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) containing vehicle information under strict latency and reliability requirements. These requirements can be maintained by administering the assignment of resources, in terms of time slots and frequency bands, for CAM exchanges in a platoon, with the help of a resource allocation mechanism. State-of-the-art on control and communication design for vehicle platoons either consider a simplified platoon model with a detailed communication architecture or consider a simplified communication delay model with a detailed platoon control system. Departing from existing works, we have developed a comprehensive vehicle platoon communication and control framework using OMNET++, the benchmarking network simulation tool. We have carried out an inclusive and comparative study of three different platoon Information Flow Topologies (IFTs), namely Car-to-Server, Multi-Hop, and One-Hop over 5G using the Predecessor-leader following platoon control law to arrive at the best-suited IFT for platooning. Secondly, for the best-suited 5G eV2X platooning IFT selected, we have analyzed the performance of three different resource allocation algorithms, namely Maximum of Carrier to Interference Ratio (MaxC/I), Proportional Fair (PF), and Deficit Round Robin (DRR). Exhaustive system-level simulations show that the One-Hop information flow strategy along with the MaxC/I resource allocation yields the best Quality of Service (QoS) performance, in terms of latency, reliability, Age of Information (AoI), and throughput.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 24 sections, 6 equations, 7 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Related Works
  3. Contributions
  4. System Overview
  5. Platoon IFT
  6. Car-to-Server
  7. Multi-Hop
  8. One-Hop
  9. Radio Resource Allocation Schemes
  10. MaxC/I)
  11. PF
  12. DRR
  13. Evaluation Methodology
  14. Scenario Configuration
  15. Communication Model
  16. ...and 9 more sections

Figures (7)

  • Figure 1: Platoon IFT for CAM: (a) Car-to-Server, (b) Multi-Hop, and (c) One-Hop.
  • Figure 2: Traffic Simulation in SUMO of (a) single-platoon, and (b) multi-platoons.
  • Figure 3: Effect of increasing the number of vehicles $(N)$ in a Single platoon $(M=1)$ on the average (a) End-to-End (E2E) delay, (b) Age of Information (AoI), and (c) Throughput observed for PL-to-PT CAM exchanges across the three platoon IFT.
  • Figure 4: Effect of increasing the number of platoons $(M)$ for a fixed platoon size $(N=5)$ on the average (a) E2E delay, (b) AoI and (c) Throughput observed for PL-to-PT CAM exchanges across the three platoon IFT.
  • Figure 5: Effect of across three resource allocation algorithms on each D2D link of a single One-Hop IFT-based platoon $(M=1)$ of size $(N=8)$ on (a) Reception Probability, (b) Average Throughput, and (c) Average E2E Delay
  • ...and 2 more figures