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Y-Configuration Active Bridge (YAB) Converter: A DAB-Type Single-Stage Isolated Three-Phase AC-DC Converter with Simple Sinusoidal Control

Mafu Zhang, Huanghaohe Zou, Saleh Farzamkia, Zibo Chen, Chen Chen, Alex Q. Huang

TL;DR

The paper addresses the need for high-efficiency, single-stage isolated three-phase AC-DC conversion by introducing the YAB converter, a Y-configured, DAB-type architecture that eliminates bulky electrolytic capacitors and input boost inductors. It employs Sin-PS modulation with a single main phase shift $\varphi$ to regulate power, leveraging a Y-connected HF transformer to maintain high efficiency and soft-switching across a wide operating range. A numerical FFT-based model and a 6 kW laboratory prototype (6 kW, 480 V) validate the approach, achieving up to $97.14\%$ efficiency and THD below $2.5\%$ while maintaining low current stress. The results demonstrate a practical path to compact, startup-friendly, high-density grid-connected converters suitable for SSTs, BESS, and EV charging, with future work on full-range ZVS and bidirectional operation.

Abstract

This paper reviews commonly used three-phase isolated AC-DC converters and introduces a novel Y-configuration Active Bridge (YAB) converter for single-stage isolated AC-DC power conversion. The proposed YAB addresses the limitations of multi-stage designs by eliminating bulky electrolytic capacitor banks and input boost inductors, thereby enabling a simplified start-up process without the risk of inrush current. It retains the advantages of single-stage AC-DC Dual Active Bridge (AC-DC DAB) converters while significantly reducing control complexity. Across its entire operating range, the YAB achieves low total harmonic distortion, maintains relatively low current stress, and exhibits excellent soft-switching performance. The operating principle of the proposed converter is detailed, and an equivalent circuit model is presented. System performance is evaluated using a numerical Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) model. To validate the performance of the proposed converter, a three-phase 6 kW, 480 V YAB prototype is designed and tested in the laboratory. Experimental results demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 97.1\%.

Y-Configuration Active Bridge (YAB) Converter: A DAB-Type Single-Stage Isolated Three-Phase AC-DC Converter with Simple Sinusoidal Control

TL;DR

The paper addresses the need for high-efficiency, single-stage isolated three-phase AC-DC conversion by introducing the YAB converter, a Y-configured, DAB-type architecture that eliminates bulky electrolytic capacitors and input boost inductors. It employs Sin-PS modulation with a single main phase shift to regulate power, leveraging a Y-connected HF transformer to maintain high efficiency and soft-switching across a wide operating range. A numerical FFT-based model and a 6 kW laboratory prototype (6 kW, 480 V) validate the approach, achieving up to efficiency and THD below while maintaining low current stress. The results demonstrate a practical path to compact, startup-friendly, high-density grid-connected converters suitable for SSTs, BESS, and EV charging, with future work on full-range ZVS and bidirectional operation.

Abstract

This paper reviews commonly used three-phase isolated AC-DC converters and introduces a novel Y-configuration Active Bridge (YAB) converter for single-stage isolated AC-DC power conversion. The proposed YAB addresses the limitations of multi-stage designs by eliminating bulky electrolytic capacitor banks and input boost inductors, thereby enabling a simplified start-up process without the risk of inrush current. It retains the advantages of single-stage AC-DC Dual Active Bridge (AC-DC DAB) converters while significantly reducing control complexity. Across its entire operating range, the YAB achieves low total harmonic distortion, maintains relatively low current stress, and exhibits excellent soft-switching performance. The operating principle of the proposed converter is detailed, and an equivalent circuit model is presented. System performance is evaluated using a numerical Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) model. To validate the performance of the proposed converter, a three-phase 6 kW, 480 V YAB prototype is designed and tested in the laboratory. Experimental results demonstrate a maximum efficiency of 97.1\%.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 31 sections, 36 equations, 22 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Two-Stage Methods
  3. Single-Stage methods
  4. Topology and modulation method
  5. Introduction to the Topology
  6. Modulation Method
  7. AC Side Modulation
  8. DC Side Modulation
  9. Numerical modeling and analysis
  10. HFT winding voltage
  11. HFT Winding Current
  12. Power characteristics
  13. Current characteristics
  14. Total harmonic distortion
  15. System current stress
  16. ...and 16 more sections

Figures (22)

  • Figure 1: Comparison of existing three-phase isolated AC-DC PFC topologies
  • Figure 2: (a) Proposed YAB converter; (b) Equivalent circuit of the YAB converter.
  • Figure 3: AC side voltages at transition to active clamping. $v_{a},v_{b},v_{c}$ - the grid phase voltages; $v_{Ca},v_{Cb},v_{Cc}$ - the input capacitor voltages; $v_{cm,g}$ the CM voltage in TPTL network between $g$ and $M$.
  • Figure 4: AC-side switching waveforms 10438890. From top to bottom: $v_{aM},v_{aM},v_{aM}$ - AC side switching node voltages with respect to $M$; $v_{cm,ac}$ - CM voltage in TPTL network between $M$ and $N$; $v_{aN},v_{bN},v_{cN}$ switching node voltages with respect to $N$; and $v_{AN},v_{BN},v_{CN}$ - the HFT primary winding voltages.
  • Figure 5: DC side modulation signal
  • ...and 17 more figures