Relation-based Counterfactual Data Augmentation and Contrastive Learning for Robustifying Natural Language Inference Models

TL;DR

A method is proposed in which token-based and sentence-based augmentation methods are used to generate counterfactual sentence pairs that belong to each class, and contrastive learning is applied to help the model learn the difference between sentence pairs of different classes with similar contexts.

Abstract

Although pre-trained language models show good performance on various natural language processing tasks, they often rely on non-causal features and patterns to determine the outcome. For natural language inference tasks, previous results have shown that even a model trained on a large number of data fails to perform well on counterfactually revised data, indicating that the model is not robustly learning the semantics of the classes. In this paper, we propose a method in which we use token-based and sentence-based augmentation methods to generate counterfactual sentence pairs that belong to each class, and apply contrastive learning to help the model learn the difference between sentence pairs of different classes with similar contexts. Evaluation results with counterfactually-revised dataset and general NLI datasets show that the proposed method can improve the performance and robustness of the NLI model.

Figures (2)

• Figure 1: Our proposed data augmentation framework.
• Figure 2: Contrastive learning with augmented data.