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A Civics-oriented Approach to Understanding Intersectionally Marginalized Users' Experience with Hate Speech Online

Achhiya Sultana, Dipto Das, Saadia Binte Alam, Mohammad Shidujaman, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed

Abstract

While content moderation in online platforms marginalizes users in the Global South at large, users of certain identities are further marginalized. Such users often come from Indigenous ethnic minority groups or identify as women. Through a qualitative study based on 18 semi-structured interviews, this paper explores how such users' experiences with hate speech online in Bangladesh are shaped by their intersectional identities. Through a civics-oriented approach, we examined the spectrum of their legal status, membership, rights, and participation as users of online platforms. Drawing analogies with the concept of citizenship, we develop the concept of usership that offers a user-centered metaphor in studying moderation and platform governance.

A Civics-oriented Approach to Understanding Intersectionally Marginalized Users' Experience with Hate Speech Online

Abstract

While content moderation in online platforms marginalizes users in the Global South at large, users of certain identities are further marginalized. Such users often come from Indigenous ethnic minority groups or identify as women. Through a qualitative study based on 18 semi-structured interviews, this paper explores how such users' experiences with hate speech online in Bangladesh are shaped by their intersectional identities. Through a civics-oriented approach, we examined the spectrum of their legal status, membership, rights, and participation as users of online platforms. Drawing analogies with the concept of citizenship, we develop the concept of usership that offers a user-centered metaphor in studying moderation and platform governance.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 20 sections, 2 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Literature Review
  3. Subaltern as Intersectionally Marginalized Identities
  4. Governance as Civic Structure of Inclusion and Power
  5. Interaction and Moderation as Platform Governance
  6. Methods
  7. Recruitment and Semi-structured Interviews
  8. Data Analysis
  9. Positionality Statement
  10. Limitations and Future Work
  11. Results
  12. Legal Status: Users' Juridical Inclusion
  13. Membership: Users' Cultural Inclusion
  14. Rights: Users' Entitlement to "Voice"
  15. Participation: Users' Platform Responsibilities
  16. ...and 5 more sections

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: A viral photo card was spreading hatred against Adivasi communities. Rhyming Bengali text in it translates as "Bones never become flesh and upajati (meaning and use explained in section \ref{['sec:literature_review']}) never become friends." We do not provide the URL to abstain from contributing to popularizing the source of such hateful content.
  • Figure 2: Dimensions and stratification of usership