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End-to-End Mathematical Modeling of Stress Communication Between Plants

Ahmet B. Kilic, Ozgur B. Akan

TL;DR

This is the first study to model stress communication in plants from transmission to reception and presents an end-to-end mathematical model that captures the physical and biological processes involved in plant-to-plant stress signaling.

Abstract

Molecular Communication (MC) is an important communication paradigm found in nature. Odor-based Molecular Communication (OMC) is a specific type of MC with promising potential and a wide range of applications. In this paper, we examine OMC communication between plants in the context of stress communication. Specifically, we explore how plants use Biological Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) to convey information about the stresses they are experiencing to neighboring plants. We constructed an end-to-end mathematical model that discovers the underlying physical and biological phenomena affecting stress communication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to model this end-to-end stress communication. We numerically analyzed our system under different scenarios using MATLAB. Using experimental data from the literature, we demonstrated that continuous gene regulation can approximate BVOC emissions in plants under different stress conditions. Consequently, we applied this model to these stressors and plants to accurately approximate BVOC emissions. We also investigated a modulation method that plants use to send their messages, namely Ratio Shift Keying. Upon analyzing this method, we found that it benefits plants by both enabling a multiple access channel and preventing competitor plants from obtaining the information.

End-to-End Mathematical Modeling of Stress Communication Between Plants

TL;DR

This is the first study to model stress communication in plants from transmission to reception and presents an end-to-end mathematical model that captures the physical and biological processes involved in plant-to-plant stress signaling.

Abstract

Molecular Communication (MC) is an important communication paradigm found in nature. Odor-based Molecular Communication (OMC) is a specific type of MC with promising potential and a wide range of applications. In this paper, we examine OMC communication between plants in the context of stress communication. Specifically, we explore how plants use Biological Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) to convey information about the stresses they are experiencing to neighboring plants. We constructed an end-to-end mathematical model that discovers the underlying physical and biological phenomena affecting stress communication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to model this end-to-end stress communication. We numerically analyzed our system under different scenarios using MATLAB. Using experimental data from the literature, we demonstrated that continuous gene regulation can approximate BVOC emissions in plants under different stress conditions. Consequently, we applied this model to these stressors and plants to accurately approximate BVOC emissions. We also investigated a modulation method that plants use to send their messages, namely Ratio Shift Keying. Upon analyzing this method, we found that it benefits plants by both enabling a multiple access channel and preventing competitor plants from obtaining the information.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 20 sections, 18 equations, 8 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Mathematical Modeling of Stress Communication
  3. Transmitter Plant
  4. OMC Modeling of Transmitter Plant
  5. Source of Information in Transmitter Plant
  6. Generating Message Signal in Transmitter Plant
  7. Open-air Communication Channel
  8. Receiver Plant
  9. Validation and Numerical Analysis
  10. Validation of Stress-Induced Emissions
  11. Numerical Analysis
  12. Distance Analysis
  13. Wind Speed Analysis
  14. Eddy Diffusivity Analysis
  15. System Noise Intensity Analysis
  16. ...and 5 more sections

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: Overall scheme of end-to-end stress communication between plants fig_overall.
  • Figure 2: Overall scheme of the demodulation process in the receiver plant fig_2; plant responses are obtained from Midzi2022.
  • Figure 3: Approximation of induced Methanol emission with accuracy $r^2 = 0.7889$
  • Figure 4: Accuracy for GLV and Monoterpene (GLVs on the upper row) for different herbivory levels (2, 4, 8).
  • Figure 5: Distance Analyses
  • ...and 3 more figures