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2022 Flood Impact in Pakistan: Remote Sensing Assessment of Agricultural and Urban Damage

Aqs Younas, Arbaz Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar, Zia Tahseen, Aqeel Arshad, Murtaza Taj, Usman Nazir

Abstract

Pakistan was hit by the world's deadliest flood in June 2022, causing agriculture and infrastructure damage across the country. Remote sensing technology offers a cost-effective and efficient method for flood impact assessment. This study is aimed to assess the impact of flooding on crops and built-up areas. Landsat 9 imagery, European Space Agency-Land Use/Land Cover (ESA-LULC) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data are used to identify and quantify the extent of flood-affected areas, crop damage, and built-up area destruction. The findings indicate that Sindh, a province in Pakistan, suffered the most. This impact destroyed most Kharif season crops, typically cultivated from March to November. Using the SMAP satellite data, it is assessed that the high amount of soil moisture after flood also caused a significant delay in the cultivation of Rabi crops. The findings of this study provide valuable information for decision-makers and stakeholders involved in flood risk management and disaster response.

2022 Flood Impact in Pakistan: Remote Sensing Assessment of Agricultural and Urban Damage

Abstract

Pakistan was hit by the world's deadliest flood in June 2022, causing agriculture and infrastructure damage across the country. Remote sensing technology offers a cost-effective and efficient method for flood impact assessment. This study is aimed to assess the impact of flooding on crops and built-up areas. Landsat 9 imagery, European Space Agency-Land Use/Land Cover (ESA-LULC) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data are used to identify and quantify the extent of flood-affected areas, crop damage, and built-up area destruction. The findings indicate that Sindh, a province in Pakistan, suffered the most. This impact destroyed most Kharif season crops, typically cultivated from March to November. Using the SMAP satellite data, it is assessed that the high amount of soil moisture after flood also caused a significant delay in the cultivation of Rabi crops. The findings of this study provide valuable information for decision-makers and stakeholders involved in flood risk management and disaster response.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 63 sections, 3 figures, 2 tables, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Copyright
  3. Formatting Requirements in Brief
  4. What Files to Submit
  5. Using LaTeX to Format Your Paper
  6. Document Preamble
  7. The Following Must Appear in Your Preamble
  8. Preparing Your Paper
  9. Commands and Packages That May Not Be Used
  10. Page Breaks
  11. Paper Size, Margins, and Column Width
  12. Column Width and Margins.
  13. Overlength Papers
  14. Type Font and Size
  15. Obtaining Type 1 Computer Modern for LaTeX.
  16. ...and 48 more sections

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Using the trim and clip commands produces fragile layers that can result in disasters (like this one from an actual paper) when the color space is corrected or the PDF combined with others for the final proceedings. Crop your figures properly in a graphics program -- not in LaTeX.
  • Figure 2: Adjusting the bounding box instead of actually removing the unwanted data resulted multiple layers in this paper. It also needlessly increased the PDF size. In this case, the size of the unwanted layer doubled the paper's size, and produced the following surprising results in final production. Crop your figures properly in a graphics program. Don't just alter the bounding box.
  • Figure 3: Example listing quicksort.hs