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Modeling the Energy Consumption of the HEVC Software Encoding Process using Processor events

Geetha Ramasubbu, Andrè Kaup, Christian Herglotz

TL;DR

An encoding energy estimation model is built that uses the processor events of the ultrafast encoding preset to obtain the energy estimate for complex encoding presets with a mean absolute percentage error of 5.36% when averaged over all the presets.

Abstract

Developing energy-efficient video encoding algorithms is highly important due to the high processing complexities and, consequently, the high energy demand of the encoding process. To accomplish this, the energy consumption of the video encoders must be studied, which is only possible with a complex and dedicated energy measurement setup. This emphasizes the need for simple energy estimation models, which estimate the energy required for the encoding. Our paper investigates the possibility of estimating the energy demand of a HEVC software CPU-encoding process using processor events. First, we perform energy measurements and obtain processor events using dedicated profiling software. Then, by using the measured energy demand of the encoding process and profiling data, we build an encoding energy estimation model that uses the processor events of the ultrafast encoding preset to obtain the energy estimate for complex encoding presets with a mean absolute percentage error of 5.36% when averaged over all the presets. Additionally, we present an energy model that offers the possibility of obtaining energy distribution among various encoding sub-processes.

Modeling the Energy Consumption of the HEVC Software Encoding Process using Processor events

TL;DR

An encoding energy estimation model is built that uses the processor events of the ultrafast encoding preset to obtain the energy estimate for complex encoding presets with a mean absolute percentage error of 5.36% when averaged over all the presets.

Abstract

Developing energy-efficient video encoding algorithms is highly important due to the high processing complexities and, consequently, the high energy demand of the encoding process. To accomplish this, the energy consumption of the video encoders must be studied, which is only possible with a complex and dedicated energy measurement setup. This emphasizes the need for simple energy estimation models, which estimate the energy required for the encoding. Our paper investigates the possibility of estimating the energy demand of a HEVC software CPU-encoding process using processor events. First, we perform energy measurements and obtain processor events using dedicated profiling software. Then, by using the measured energy demand of the encoding process and profiling data, we build an encoding energy estimation model that uses the processor events of the ultrafast encoding preset to obtain the energy estimate for complex encoding presets with a mean absolute percentage error of 5.36% when averaged over all the presets. Additionally, we present an energy model that offers the possibility of obtaining energy distribution among various encoding sub-processes.
Paper Structure (7 sections, 7 equations, 2 figures, 3 tables)

This paper contains 7 sections, 7 equations, 2 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Experimental Setup and Analysis
  3. Proposed Encoding Energy Estimation Models
  4. Evaluation
  5. Posterior Estimation Models
  6. Prior Estimation Models
  7. Conclusion

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: The estimated energy $\hat{E}_\mathrm{enc}$ using \ref{['complexity']}, with the energy distribution for various sub-processes, for a single frame class B sequence, "BasketballDrive," using x265 encoder, at medium preset and CRF values of 18, 23, 28, and 33.
  • Figure 2: The measured encoding energy $E_\mathrm{enc}$, and estimated encoding energy $\hat{E}_\mathrm{enc}$ using UF Time Ramasubbu22, and estimated encoding energy $\hat{E}_\mathrm{enc}$ using UF PEs \ref{['complexityUF']}, for 100000 pixels, averaged over all the sequences, for the CRF value 23, where ${1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}$ corresponds to the x265 presets.