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ROK Defense M&S in the Age of Hyperscale AI: Concepts, Challenges, and Future Directions

Youngjoon Lee, Taehyun Park, Yeongjoon Kang, Jonghoe Kim, Joonhyuk Kang

TL;DR

The paper addresses how to integrate hyperscale AI with IoMDT into defense Modeling and Simulation to boost national readiness. It analyzes core concepts, contrasts RO K and U.S. approaches, identifies four key challenges (closed networks, long-tail data, complex decisions, talent scarcity), and proposes four future directions: domestic foundation models, industry partnerships, multi-vendor hardware, and open-source data. The contributions include a framework for IoMDT-enabled simulations, a comparative view of defense AI strategies, and actionable recommendations tailored to RO K’s defense landscape. The work highlights practical implications for accelerating high-fidelity, data-driven wargaming and decision support while strengthening security and economic resilience.

Abstract

Integrating hyperscale AI into national defense M&S(Modeling and Simulation), under the expanding IoMDT(Internet of Military Defense Things) framework, is crucial for boosting strategic and operational readiness. We examine how IoMDT-driven hyperscale AI can provide high accuracy, speed, and the ability to simulate complex, interconnected battlefield scenarios in defense M&S. Countries like the United States and China are leading the adoption of these technologies, with varying levels of success. However, realizing the full potential of hyperscale AI requires overcoming challenges such as closed networks, sparse or long-tail data, complex decision-making processes, and a shortage of experts. Future directions highlight the need to adopt domestic foundation models, expand GPU/NPU investments, leverage large tech services, and employ open source solutions. These efforts will enhance national security, maintain a competitive edge, and spur broader technological and economic growth. With this blueprint, the Republic of Korea can strengthen its defense posture and stay ahead of emerging threats in modern warfare.

ROK Defense M&S in the Age of Hyperscale AI: Concepts, Challenges, and Future Directions

TL;DR

The paper addresses how to integrate hyperscale AI with IoMDT into defense Modeling and Simulation to boost national readiness. It analyzes core concepts, contrasts RO K and U.S. approaches, identifies four key challenges (closed networks, long-tail data, complex decisions, talent scarcity), and proposes four future directions: domestic foundation models, industry partnerships, multi-vendor hardware, and open-source data. The contributions include a framework for IoMDT-enabled simulations, a comparative view of defense AI strategies, and actionable recommendations tailored to RO K’s defense landscape. The work highlights practical implications for accelerating high-fidelity, data-driven wargaming and decision support while strengthening security and economic resilience.

Abstract

Integrating hyperscale AI into national defense M&S(Modeling and Simulation), under the expanding IoMDT(Internet of Military Defense Things) framework, is crucial for boosting strategic and operational readiness. We examine how IoMDT-driven hyperscale AI can provide high accuracy, speed, and the ability to simulate complex, interconnected battlefield scenarios in defense M&S. Countries like the United States and China are leading the adoption of these technologies, with varying levels of success. However, realizing the full potential of hyperscale AI requires overcoming challenges such as closed networks, sparse or long-tail data, complex decision-making processes, and a shortage of experts. Future directions highlight the need to adopt domestic foundation models, expand GPU/NPU investments, leverage large tech services, and employ open source solutions. These efforts will enhance national security, maintain a competitive edge, and spur broader technological and economic growth. With this blueprint, the Republic of Korea can strengthen its defense posture and stay ahead of emerging threats in modern warfare.
Paper Structure (18 sections, 5 figures, 2 tables)

This paper contains 18 sections, 5 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Concepts
  3. Defense M&S
  4. Hyperscale AI
  5. IoMDT for Next-Generation Simulations
  6. Core Challenges
  7. Closed Network
  8. Long-Tail Data
  9. Complex Decisions
  10. Scarcity of AI Experts
  11. Future Directions
  12. Adopt Domestic Foundation Models
  13. Involve Major IT Corporations
  14. Diversify GPU/NPU Infrastructure
  15. Leverage Open Source Software & Data
  16. ...and 3 more sections

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: Illustration of an example of Generative AI used by the Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense.
  • Figure 2: Illustration of defense M&S hierarchical structure.
  • Figure 3: Illustration of fields where hyperscale AI can be applied.
  • Figure 4: Comprehensive illustration of ROK's IoMDT architecture.
  • Figure 5: Illustration of defense M&S with hyperscale AI.