Emergent Collective Reproduction via Evolving Neuronal Flocks

Abstract

This study facilitates the understanding of evolutionary transitions in individuality (ETIs) through a novel artificial life framework, named VitaNova, that intricately merges self-organization and natural selection to simulate the emergence of complex, reproductive groups. By dynamically modelling individual agents within an environment that challenges them with predators and spatial constraints, VitaNova elucidates the mechanisms by which simple agents evolve into cohesive units exhibiting collective reproduction. The findings underscore the synergy between self-organized behaviours and adaptive evolutionary strategies as fundamental drivers of ETIs. This approach not only contributes to a deeper understanding of higher-order biological individuality but also sets a new precedent in the empirical investigation of ETIs, challenging and extending current theoretical frameworks.

Figures (10)

• Figure 1: Snapshot of VitaNova simulation showcasing a single stable ring structure prior to division. Boids are represented by green/blue triangles, forming a cohesive ring pattern, while predators are depicted as red triangles.
• Figure 2: Post-division state within VitaNova, where the initial ring has divided into two distinct flocks, embodying a form of collective reproduction.
• Figure 3: The system after a second division event, displaying two distinct ring structures. This phase of the simulation suggests a cyclical pattern of growth and division, a characteristic of emergent collective reproduction.
• Figure 4: The system post second division, showing growth in the average flock size and indicating a preparation for further reproductive events.
• Figure 5: The formation of new ring structures following the division of the first-generation ring offspring, showcasing the self-replicating nature of collective entities.