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Developing a Framework for Sonifying Variational Quantum Algorithms: Implications for Music Composition

Paulo Vitor Itaboraí, Peter Thomas, Arianna Crippa, Karl Jansen, Tim Schwägerl, María Aguado Yáñez

Abstract

This chapter examines the Variational Quantum Harmonizer, a software tool and musical interface that focuses on the problem of sonification of the minimization steps of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA), used for simulating properties of quantum systems and optimization problems assisted by quantum hardware. Particularly, it details the sonification of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems using VQA. A flexible design enables its future applications both as a sonification tool for auditory displays in scientific investigation, and as a hybrid quantum-digital musical instrument for artistic endeavours. In turn, sonification can help researchers understand complex systems better and can serve for the training of quantum physics and quantum computing. The VQH structure, including its software implementation, control mechanisms, and sonification mappings are detailed. Moreover, it guides the design of QUBO cost functions in VQH as a music compositional object. The discussion is extended to the implications of applying quantum-assisted simulation in quantum-computer aided composition and live-coding performances. An artistic output is showcased by the piece \textit{Hexagonal Chambers} (Thomas and Itaboraí, 2023).

Developing a Framework for Sonifying Variational Quantum Algorithms: Implications for Music Composition

Abstract

This chapter examines the Variational Quantum Harmonizer, a software tool and musical interface that focuses on the problem of sonification of the minimization steps of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA), used for simulating properties of quantum systems and optimization problems assisted by quantum hardware. Particularly, it details the sonification of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems using VQA. A flexible design enables its future applications both as a sonification tool for auditory displays in scientific investigation, and as a hybrid quantum-digital musical instrument for artistic endeavours. In turn, sonification can help researchers understand complex systems better and can serve for the training of quantum physics and quantum computing. The VQH structure, including its software implementation, control mechanisms, and sonification mappings are detailed. Moreover, it guides the design of QUBO cost functions in VQH as a music compositional object. The discussion is extended to the implications of applying quantum-assisted simulation in quantum-computer aided composition and live-coding performances. An artistic output is showcased by the piece \textit{Hexagonal Chambers} (Thomas and Itaboraí, 2023).
Paper Structure (67 sections, 18 equations, 28 figures, 2 tables)

This paper contains 67 sections, 18 equations, 28 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Developing a Framework for Sonifying Variational Quantum Algorithms: Implications for Music Composition
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Motivation
  5. Previous work
  6. Interfacing Quantum Computing with Musical Interfaces
  7. A Music-Oriented Approach
  8. A Quantum-Oriented Approach
  9. Sonifying the Ising Model
  10. Variational Quantum Harmonizer
  11. Variational Quantum Eigensolver
  12. The VQH prototype and overview
  13. QUBO
  14. Marginal Distribution and the Basis Protocol
  15. Artistic Intuition: The Harp analogy
  16. ...and 52 more sections

Figures (28)

  • Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm.
  • Figure 2: A 3-qubit harp
  • Figure 3: A 3-spin Ising harp
  • Figure 4: Spin configuration of a C Major Chord
  • Figure 5: Marginal Distribution Evolution for $C_{maj}$
  • ...and 23 more figures