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Service-Oriented AoI Modeling and Analysis for Non-Terrestrial Networks

Zheng Guo, Qian Chen, Weixiao Meng

TL;DR

The paper addresses timely information delivery in non-terrestrial networks by modeling ground nodes with a PPP-PCP hybrid distribution and incorporating satellite visibility and cross-traffic. It develops a service-oriented AoI framework that separates air-ground transmissions (modeled as a multi-stream M/G/1/1 queue) from satellite multi-hop transmissions (modeled as a serial FCFS queue) and derives AoI expressions and bounds for both. Key contributions include explicit AoI formulas leveraging arrival, service, and visibility parameters, and validation through simulations that reveal how ground-node density, service-time variance, satellite visibility, and hop count affect data freshness. The results offer practical guidance for NTN design to optimize AoI and, consequently, real-time performance in global IoT applications.

Abstract

To achieve truly seamless global intelligent connectivity, non-terrestrial networks (NTN) mainly composed of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites and drones are recognized as important components of the future 6G network architecture. Meanwhile, the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the proliferation of numerous applications with stringent requirements for timely information delivery. The Age of Information (AoI), a critical performance metric for assessing the freshness of data in information update systems, has gained significant importance in this context. However, existing modeling and analysis work on AoI mainly focuses on terrestrial networks, and the distribution characteristics of ground nodes and the high dynamics of satellites have not been fully considered, which poses challenges for more accurate evaluation. Against this background, we model the ground nodes as a hybrid distribution of Poisson point process (PPP) and Poisson cluster process (PCP) to capture the impact of ground node distribution on the AoI of status update packet transmission supported by UAVs and satellites in NTN, and the visibility and cross-traffic characteristics of satellites are additionally considered. We derived the average AoI for the system in these two different situations and examined the impact of various network parameters on AoI performance.

Service-Oriented AoI Modeling and Analysis for Non-Terrestrial Networks

TL;DR

The paper addresses timely information delivery in non-terrestrial networks by modeling ground nodes with a PPP-PCP hybrid distribution and incorporating satellite visibility and cross-traffic. It develops a service-oriented AoI framework that separates air-ground transmissions (modeled as a multi-stream M/G/1/1 queue) from satellite multi-hop transmissions (modeled as a serial FCFS queue) and derives AoI expressions and bounds for both. Key contributions include explicit AoI formulas leveraging arrival, service, and visibility parameters, and validation through simulations that reveal how ground-node density, service-time variance, satellite visibility, and hop count affect data freshness. The results offer practical guidance for NTN design to optimize AoI and, consequently, real-time performance in global IoT applications.

Abstract

To achieve truly seamless global intelligent connectivity, non-terrestrial networks (NTN) mainly composed of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites and drones are recognized as important components of the future 6G network architecture. Meanwhile, the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the proliferation of numerous applications with stringent requirements for timely information delivery. The Age of Information (AoI), a critical performance metric for assessing the freshness of data in information update systems, has gained significant importance in this context. However, existing modeling and analysis work on AoI mainly focuses on terrestrial networks, and the distribution characteristics of ground nodes and the high dynamics of satellites have not been fully considered, which poses challenges for more accurate evaluation. Against this background, we model the ground nodes as a hybrid distribution of Poisson point process (PPP) and Poisson cluster process (PCP) to capture the impact of ground node distribution on the AoI of status update packet transmission supported by UAVs and satellites in NTN, and the visibility and cross-traffic characteristics of satellites are additionally considered. We derived the average AoI for the system in these two different situations and examined the impact of various network parameters on AoI performance.
Paper Structure (13 sections, 34 equations, 5 figures)

This paper contains 13 sections, 34 equations, 5 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. system model
  3. Node Distribution Model and Wireless Channel Model
  4. Successful Transmission Probability and Scheduling Probability
  5. Task Queuing Model
  6. The destination node is close to the source node and within the communication coverage area of the low-altitude platform
  7. The destination node is far away from the source node, and the source node is not covered by the UAV network
  8. AoI Evolution Model
  9. Service-oriented AoI analysis
  10. AoI Analysis for Air-Ground Transmission
  11. AoI Analysis for Satellite Multi-hop Transmission
  12. simulation results
  13. conclusion

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: State update network system model, where aerial platforms such as UAVs and satellites provide services to ground nodes.
  • Figure 2: AoI evolution model considering transmission success probability.
  • Figure 3: The average AoI of the multi-stream M/M/1/1 queuing system varies with the ground node density and task arrival rate.
  • Figure 4: The average AoI of the UAV multi-stream M/G/1/1 queuing system changes with different service time distributions.
  • Figure 5: The average AoI of the satellite multi-hop serial queuing system varies with the ground node density, task arrival rate, and node sequence number.