An Open, Cross-Platform, Web-Based Metaverse Using WebXR and A-Frame
Giuseppe Macario
TL;DR
This work tackles fragmentation in metaverse ecosystems by proposing a WebXR-based cross-platform architecture built on A-Frame and Networked-Aframe to enable interoperable, browser-accessible spatial web apps. It presents a Hello World spatial web app and a layered conceptual architecture, evaluated through performance tests and a user survey. The prototype demonstrates cross-device reach, robust performance (LCP < 2.5s, 60–120 FPS, average ping ~120ms) and secure HTTPS communication, with positive user feedback. The work advances open web standards as a foundation for an inclusive, linkable metaverse framework and outlines paths for optimization and future WebXR features.
Abstract
The metaverse has received much attention in the literature and industry in the last few years, but the lack of an open and cross-platform architecture has led to many distinct metaverses that cannot communicate with each other. This work proposes a WebXR-based cross-platform architecture for developing spatial web apps using the A-Frame and Networked-Aframe frameworks with a view to an open and interoperable metaverse, accessible from both the web and extended reality devices. A prototype was implemented and evaluated, supporting the capability of the technology stack to enable immersive experiences across different platforms and devices. Positive feedback on ease of use of the immersive environment further corroborates the proposed approach, underscoring its effectiveness in facilitating engaging and interactive virtual spaces. By adhering to principles of interoperability and inclusivity, it lives up to Tim Berners-Lee's vision of the World Wide Web as an open platform that transcends geographical and technical boundaries.