Synthesis of Wide-Angle Scanning Arrays through Array Power Control

TL;DR

This work introduces a novel multi-objective framework for wide-angle scanning array synthesis that optimizes element excitations to minimize total reflected power while preserving radiated beampattern quality for each scan angle. By incorporating finite-array coupling through the scattering matrix and active reflection coefficients, the method avoids periodicity approximations and uses an $\varepsilon$-MOEA to generate Pareto fronts over the objectives $\Phi_{REFL}$ and $\Phi_{RAD}$. Full-wave HFSS simulations across linear and planar geometries and multiple frequencies demonstrate that the proposed approach broadens the field of view with reduced active reflection loss, without modifying the underlying antenna architecture, and enables direct comparison with state-of-the-art techniques. The results show consistent FoV improvements (up to ~23% overall) and favorable ARL distributions, supporting practical applicability for upgrading existing arrays in communications, sensing, and automotive/radar contexts. Overall, the paper delivers a general, technology-agnostic strategy for wide-angle scanning that leverages excitation design and multi-objective optimization to extend the usable FoV of finite arrays.

Abstract

A new methodology for the synthesis of wide-angle scanning arrays is proposed. It is based on the formulation of the array design problem as a multi-objective one where, for each scan angle, both the radiated power density in the scan direction and the total reflected power are accounted for. A set of numerical results from full-wave simulated examples - dealing with different radiators, arrangements, frequencies, and number of elements - is reported to show the features of the proposed approach as well as to assess its potentialities.