Logo
ScienceStack
Table of Contents
Fetching ...
Sign In

Multi-Platform Framing Analysis: A Case Study of Kristiansand Quran Burning

Anna-Katharina Jung, Gautam Kishore Shahi, Jennifer Fromm, Kari Anne Røysland, Kim Henrik Gronert

TL;DR

This study addresses how a socially polarizing event—the 2019 Quran burning in Kristiansand—was framed across Twitter, YouTube, and online news to reveal cross-platform diffusion patterns. It employs a mixed deductive-inductive framing analysis, using an adapted Boydstun codebook across three data streams (1,136 tweets; 109 news articles; 71 YouTube videos with 2,041 comments) within 12–30 November 2019. Findings show a clear division: online news centers on Legality, while social media emphasizes Morality, with YouTube comments also displaying notable hate speech; YouTube is comparatively self-contained, whereas Twitter shows broader openness and cross-platform spillover, yielding 25–60% cross-platform diffusion in sub-datasets. The work advances the concept of networked framing by documenting platform-specific frame distributions and spillovers, offering implications for understanding polarization and informing cross-platform moderation and policy debates, while acknowledging limitations in translation and codebook applicability and suggesting avenues for deeper network analyses.

Abstract

The framing of events in various media and discourse spaces is crucial in the era of misinformation and polarization. Many studies, however, are limited to specific media or networks, disregarding the importance of cross-platform diffusion. This study overcomes that limitation by conducting a multi-platform framing analysis on Twitter, YouTube, and traditional media analyzing the 2019 Koran burning in Kristiansand, Norway. It examines media and policy frames and uncovers network connections through shared URLs. The findings show that online news emphasizes the incident's legality, while social media focuses on its morality, with harsh hate speech prevalent in YouTube comments. Additionally, YouTube is identified as the most self-contained community, whereas Twitter is the most open to external inputs.

Multi-Platform Framing Analysis: A Case Study of Kristiansand Quran Burning

TL;DR

This study addresses how a socially polarizing event—the 2019 Quran burning in Kristiansand—was framed across Twitter, YouTube, and online news to reveal cross-platform diffusion patterns. It employs a mixed deductive-inductive framing analysis, using an adapted Boydstun codebook across three data streams (1,136 tweets; 109 news articles; 71 YouTube videos with 2,041 comments) within 12–30 November 2019. Findings show a clear division: online news centers on Legality, while social media emphasizes Morality, with YouTube comments also displaying notable hate speech; YouTube is comparatively self-contained, whereas Twitter shows broader openness and cross-platform spillover, yielding 25–60% cross-platform diffusion in sub-datasets. The work advances the concept of networked framing by documenting platform-specific frame distributions and spillovers, offering implications for understanding polarization and informing cross-platform moderation and policy debates, while acknowledging limitations in translation and codebook applicability and suggesting avenues for deeper network analyses.

Abstract

The framing of events in various media and discourse spaces is crucial in the era of misinformation and polarization. Many studies, however, are limited to specific media or networks, disregarding the importance of cross-platform diffusion. This study overcomes that limitation by conducting a multi-platform framing analysis on Twitter, YouTube, and traditional media analyzing the 2019 Koran burning in Kristiansand, Norway. It examines media and policy frames and uncovers network connections through shared URLs. The findings show that online news emphasizes the incident's legality, while social media focuses on its morality, with harsh hate speech prevalent in YouTube comments. Additionally, YouTube is identified as the most self-contained community, whereas Twitter is the most open to external inputs.
Paper Structure (22 sections, 2 figures)

This paper contains 22 sections, 2 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. State of the Art
  3. Framing theory
  4. Multi-platform framing
  5. Cross platform information diffusion
  6. Research Design
  7. Data Collection
  8. Twitter Data
  9. News Paper Articles
  10. YouTube Videos and Comments
  11. Data Analysis and Preprocessing
  12. Frame Analysis
  13. Result
  14. Framing Analysis
  15. Tweets
  16. ...and 7 more sections

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Annotated YouTube videos(From left to right video a,b,c)
  • Figure 2: Distribution of URLs and their source on three different platforms.