Multiple Access Integrated Adaptive Finite Blocklength for Ultra-Low Delay in 6G Wireless Networks

TL;DR

The paper addresses ultra-low latency requirements for 6G mURLLC by proposing an adaptive finite blocklength framework that jointly optimizes blocklength through variable TTIs and bandwidth under grant-free access. It derives analytical expressions for collision and error probabilities, and models queuing dynamics under a GF protocol, enabling a non-convex average over-the-air delay minimization problem solved by a cooperative multi-agent DQN with a grouping mechanism. By integrating finite-blocklength coding with dynamic resource allocation, the approach balances transmission, queuing, and retransmission delays to achieve minimum over-the-air latency, demonstrated through simulations that outperform LTE and 5G NR baselines. The work provides a scalable method for real-time, low-latency communications in 6G, leveraging ABF and MDQN to manage massive access while respecting delay bounds.

Abstract

Facing the dramatic increase of real-time applications and time-sensitive services, large-scale ultra-low delay requirements are put forward for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. To support massive ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (mURLLC), in this paper we propose an adaptive finite blocklength framework to reduce the over-the-air delay for short packet transmissions with multiple-access and delay-bounded demands. In particular, we first give the specified over-the-air delay model. Then, we reveal the tradeoff relationship among queuing delay, transmission delay, and the number of retransmissions along with the change of finite blocklength, as well as formulate the adaptive blocklength framework. Based on the adaptive blocklength framework and associated with grant-free (GF) access protocol, we formulate the average over-the-air delay minimization problem, where the blocklength can be adaptively changed in terms of transmission time interval (TTI) design and bandwidth allocation to achieve the optimal tradeoff and obtain its minimum over-the-air delay. We develop the cooperative multi-agent deep Q-network (M-DQN) scheme with a grouping mechanism to efficiently solve the average over-the-air delay minimization problem. Numerical results validate our proposed adaptive blocklength scheme outperforms corresponding schemes in long-term evolution (LTE) and the fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR).

Figures (12)

• Figure 1: The over-the-air delay model.
• Figure 2: The over-the-air delay versus the blocklength in the case of finite blocklength and infinite blocklength.
• Figure 3: Adaptive blocklength framework with different TTIs and bandwidths.
• Figure 4: The queuing state update model of GF access based adaptive blocklength framework.
• Figure 5: The over-the-air delay components of GF access.