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Beamforming Design for Secure MC-NOMA Empowered ISAC Systems with an Active Eve

Zhongqing Wu, Xuehua Li, Yuanxin Cai, Weijie Yuan

TL;DR

This work tackles secure MC-NOMA-empowered ISAC under an active eavesdropper with imperfect CSI, aiming to maximize the minimum user rate while enforcing graded secrecy and sensing constraints. It introduces a robust optimization framework that combines subcarrier scheduling and secure beamforming, leveraging Big-M decoupling, Lagrangian dual transformation, quadratic transforms, and successive convex approximation. A semi-definite relaxation-based solver with penalty terms handles discrete scheduling and nonconvex constraints, solved efficiently via CVX. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves higher fairness and stronger security against active jamming, with guaranteed sensing performance and robustness to CSI uncertainty, highlighting practical viability for 6G ISAC systems.

Abstract

As the integrated sensing and communication(ISAC) technology emerges as a promising component of sixth generation (6G), the study of its physical layer security has become a key concern for researchers. Specifically, in this work, we focus on the security issues over a multi-carrier (MC)-non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted ISAC system, considering imperfect channel state information (CSI) of an active Eve and graded confidentiality demands for users. To this end, the subcarrier allocation, the information, and artificial noise beamforming are designed to maximize the minimum communication rate, while ensuring diverse confidentiality and sensing performance demands. An effective security strategy is devised via the Lagrangian dual transformation and successive convex approximation methods. Simulations confirm the validity and robustness of the proposed scheme in terms of the security performance.

Beamforming Design for Secure MC-NOMA Empowered ISAC Systems with an Active Eve

TL;DR

This work tackles secure MC-NOMA-empowered ISAC under an active eavesdropper with imperfect CSI, aiming to maximize the minimum user rate while enforcing graded secrecy and sensing constraints. It introduces a robust optimization framework that combines subcarrier scheduling and secure beamforming, leveraging Big-M decoupling, Lagrangian dual transformation, quadratic transforms, and successive convex approximation. A semi-definite relaxation-based solver with penalty terms handles discrete scheduling and nonconvex constraints, solved efficiently via CVX. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves higher fairness and stronger security against active jamming, with guaranteed sensing performance and robustness to CSI uncertainty, highlighting practical viability for 6G ISAC systems.

Abstract

As the integrated sensing and communication(ISAC) technology emerges as a promising component of sixth generation (6G), the study of its physical layer security has become a key concern for researchers. Specifically, in this work, we focus on the security issues over a multi-carrier (MC)-non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted ISAC system, considering imperfect channel state information (CSI) of an active Eve and graded confidentiality demands for users. To this end, the subcarrier allocation, the information, and artificial noise beamforming are designed to maximize the minimum communication rate, while ensuring diverse confidentiality and sensing performance demands. An effective security strategy is devised via the Lagrangian dual transformation and successive convex approximation methods. Simulations confirm the validity and robustness of the proposed scheme in terms of the security performance.
Paper Structure (9 sections, 30 equations, 5 figures)

This paper contains 9 sections, 30 equations, 5 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System Model
  3. Signal Model
  4. Communication Model
  5. Sensing Model
  6. Problem Formulation
  7. Problem Solution
  8. Simulation Results
  9. Conclusion

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: The considered MC-NOMA empowered ISAC system.
  • Figure 2: The convergence of the proposed scheme under different settings.
  • Figure 3: The proposed secure beamforming versus angle.
  • Figure 4: The communication and leakage rates for each user under different CSI errors.
  • Figure 5: The minimum security rate versus $P_{BS}^{{\text{max}}}$ for the PS and benchmarks.