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Overlay Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks with SWIPT-Empowered Aerial Communications

Anuradha Verma, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Pawan Kumar, Dong In Kim

Abstract

In this article, we consider overlay space-air-ground integrated networks (OSAGINs) where a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communicates with ground users (GUs) with the assistance of an energy-constrained coexisting air-to-air (A2A) network. Particularly, a non-linear energy harvester with a hybrid SWIPT utilizing both power-splitting and time-switching energy harvesting (EH) techniques is employed at the aerial transmitter. Specifically, we take the random locations of the satellite, ground and aerial receivers to investigate the outage performance of both the satellite-to-ground and aerial networks leveraging the stochastic tools. By taking into account the Shadowed-Rician fading for satellite link, the Nakagami-\emph{m} for ground link, and the Rician fading for aerial link, we derive analytical expressions for the outage probability of these networks. For a comprehensive analysis of aerial network, we consider both the perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) scenarios. Through our analysis, we illustrate that, unlike linear EH, the implementation of non-linear EH provides accurate figures for any target rate, underscoring the significance of using non-linear EH models. Additionally, the influence of key parameters is emphasized, providing guidelines for the practical design of an energy-efficient as well as spectrum-efficient future non-terrestrial networks. Monte Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of our theoretical developments.

Overlay Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks with SWIPT-Empowered Aerial Communications

Abstract

In this article, we consider overlay space-air-ground integrated networks (OSAGINs) where a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communicates with ground users (GUs) with the assistance of an energy-constrained coexisting air-to-air (A2A) network. Particularly, a non-linear energy harvester with a hybrid SWIPT utilizing both power-splitting and time-switching energy harvesting (EH) techniques is employed at the aerial transmitter. Specifically, we take the random locations of the satellite, ground and aerial receivers to investigate the outage performance of both the satellite-to-ground and aerial networks leveraging the stochastic tools. By taking into account the Shadowed-Rician fading for satellite link, the Nakagami-\emph{m} for ground link, and the Rician fading for aerial link, we derive analytical expressions for the outage probability of these networks. For a comprehensive analysis of aerial network, we consider both the perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) scenarios. Through our analysis, we illustrate that, unlike linear EH, the implementation of non-linear EH provides accurate figures for any target rate, underscoring the significance of using non-linear EH models. Additionally, the influence of key parameters is emphasized, providing guidelines for the practical design of an energy-efficient as well as spectrum-efficient future non-terrestrial networks. Monte Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of our theoretical developments.
Paper Structure (27 sections, 7 theorems, 80 equations, 14 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 27 sections, 7 theorems, 80 equations, 14 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Prior Arts
  3. Contributions
  4. Paper Organization and Useful Notations
  5. System Description
  6. System Model
  7. Channel Models
  8. Satellite-to-ATx link
  9. ATx-to-GU link
  10. ATx-to-ARx link
  11. Relevant Distance Distributions
  12. Distance Distribution for Satellite-to-ATx Link
  13. Distance Distribution for ATx-to-GU Link
  14. Distance Distribution for ATx-to-ARx Link
  15. Propagation Model with Hybrid Energy Harvesting
  16. ...and 12 more sections

Key Result

Lemma 1

The probability density function (pdf) of the distance $w_{sr}$ is determined as where $w_{er}=w_{e}+w_{r}$ and $w_{\max}=\sqrt{w_{\min}^{2}+2{w_{er}w_{\min}}}$. Hereby, $w_{\min}$ and $w_{\max}$ are the minimum and maximum distances between $S$ and $R$, and $w_e$ is the Earth's radius.

Figures (14)

  • Figure 1: OSAGIN system model with SWIPT-enabled A2A communications.
  • Figure 2: Three-dimensional geometry of the system model.
  • Figure 3: Illustration of the key parameters in the hybrid protocol for energy harvesting and information processing at $R$.
  • Figure 4: OP of the S2G network versus $\eta_{s}$ for different fading conditions.
  • Figure 5: OP of the S2G network versus $\eta_{s}$ for different values of ${\mathcal{P}_\text{th}}$.
  • ...and 9 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (7)

  • Lemma 1
  • Theorem 1
  • Theorem 2
  • Theorem 3
  • Theorem 4
  • Theorem 5
  • Theorem 6