Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Cyberattack Mitigation of Parallel Converters in a DC Microgrid

TL;DR

The paper addresses cyber threats to DC microgrids with parallel DC-DC converters, focusing on false data injection attacks on sensors and communication. It proposes a hybrid detector that uses logistic regression for initial anomaly detection and an LSTM-based estimator for data reconstruction, with detections expressed as $S_r$ and $S_l$, and data replacement occurring only upon agreement. Validation on a four-converter DC microgrid in MATLAB/Simulink across four attack scenarios demonstrates detection accuracy above 96% and an ultra-low estimation error ($MSE<2e-4$), while maintaining voltage stability and proper power sharing. This work enhances cyber resilience in DC microgrids by enabling distributed, real-time anomaly detection and mitigation without centralized reliance.

Abstract

Cyberattack susceptibilities are introduced as the communication requirement increases with the incorporation of more renewable energy sources into DC microgrids. Parallel DC-DC converters are utilized to provide high current and supply the load. Nevertheless, these systems are susceptible to cyberattacks that have the potential to disrupt operations and jeopardize stability. Voltage instability may result from the manipulation of communication commands and low-layer control signals. Therefore, in this paper, a cyberattack that specifically targets parallel DC-DC converters is examined in a DC microgrid. A hybrid machine learning-based detection and mitigation strategy is suggested as a means to counteract this threat. The false data injection (FDI) attack targeting the converters is investigated within a DC microgrid. The efficacy of the suggested approach is verified via simulations executed for various scenarios within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The technique successfully identifies and blocks FDI attacks, preventing cyberattacks and ensuring the safe operation of the DC microgrid.

Figures (15)

• Figure 1: General block diagram of a DC microgrid topology.
• Figure 2: Architecture of parallel DC-DC converters with communication lines.
• Figure 3: Physical and control layers of a DC-DC converter.
• Figure 4: Detection and mitigation algorithm.
• Figure 5: The LSTM cell block diagram.