Unveiling the Era of Spatial Computing
Hanzhong Cao
TL;DR
This paper sources the evolution of user interfaces to establish spatial computing as the next integration of physical and digital spaces. It surveys All Realities (AR, VR, Mediated Reality) and articulates a cohesive vision for spatial computing, supported by enabling technologies such as AI, IoT, advanced networks, cloud/edge computing, and blockchain. A central contribution is clarifying the X-reality continuum and outlining a technology stack that makes spatial interaction feasible, complemented by a Vision Pro case study that reveals current practical constraints. The findings underscore substantial potential across domains while identifying barriers—cost, comfort, and perceptual accuracy—that must be addressed to enable widespread adoption.
Abstract
The evolution of User Interfaces marks a significant transition from traditional command-line interfaces to more intuitive graphical and touch-based interfaces, largely driven by the emergence of personal computing devices. The advent of spatial computing and Extended Reality technologies further pushes the boundaries, promising a fusion of physical and digital realms through interactive environments. This paper delves into the progression from All Realities technologies encompassing Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mediated Reality to spatial computing, highlighting their conceptual differences and applications. We explore enabling technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G, cloud and edge computing, and blockchain that underpin the development of spatial computing. We further scrutinize the initial forays into commercial spatial computing devices, with a focus on Apple's Vision Pro, evaluating its technological advancements alongside the challenges it faces. Through this examination, we aim to provide insights into the potential of spatial computing to revolutionize our interaction with digital information and the physical world.