Quantum Cloud Computing: Trends and Challenges

TL;DR

Quantum cloud computing enables access to scarce quantum resources by colocating QC hardware in isolated data centers and exposing them via cloud services. The paper surveys the QCC paradigm, including underlying QC principles, notable algorithms and software tools, and potential applications in data analysis, ML, and secure communications. It identifies pivotal challenges—decoherence, error correction, scalability, cost, and security standards—and outlines research gaps to guide future work. The work emphasizes the practical impact of QCC in democratizing quantum experiments, enabling rapid algorithm development, and informing infrastructure design for scalable, secure quantum services.

Abstract

Quantum computing (QC) is a new paradigm that will revolutionize various areas of computing, especially cloud computing. QC, still in its infancy, is a costly technology capable of operating in highly isolated environments due to its rapid response to environmental factors. For this reason, it is still a challenging technology for researchers to reach. Integrating QC into an isolated remote server, like a cloud, and making it available to users can overcome these problems. Furthermore, experts predict that QC, with its ability to swiftly resolve complex and computationally intensive operations, will offer significant benefits in systems that process large amounts of data, like cloud computing. This article presents the vision and challenges for the quantum cloud computing (QCC) paradigm that will emerge with the integration of quantum and cloud computing. Next, we present the advantages of QC over classical computing applications. We analyze the effects of QC on cloud systems, such as cost, security, and scalability. Besides all of these advantages, we highlight research gaps in QCC, such as qubit stability and efficient resource allocation. This article identifies QCC's advantages and challenges for future research, highlighting research gaps.

Figures (6)

• Figure 1: Quantum Computing vs Traditional Computing.
• Figure 2: The Timeline of Quantum Computing Algorithms.
• Figure 3: Software Tools for Quantum Cloud Computing .
• Figure 4: Research Gaps and New Trends.
• Figure 5: General Architecture of Quantum Cloud Computing.