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Introduction to Eye Tracking: A Hands-On Tutorial for Students and Practitioners

Enkelejda Kasneci, Hong Gao, Suleyman Ozdel, Virmarie Maquiling, Enkeleda Thaqi, Carrie Lau, Yao Rong, Gjergji Kasneci, Efe Bozkir

TL;DR

The paper provides a hands-on tutorial introducing eye-tracking concepts, from anatomy to data processing and ethics. It covers remote and wearable systems, calibration, data collection, processing pipelines (cleanup, segmentation, feature extraction), and analysis of fixations, saccades, and pupillometry, along with scanpath methods. Case studies and Python code examples support practical understanding and implementation. The tutorial aims to equip students and practitioners with the skills and ethical guidelines needed to conduct reliable eye-tracking research.

Abstract

Eye-tracking technology is widely used in various application areas such as psychology, neuroscience, marketing, and human-computer interaction, as it is a valuable tool for understanding how people process information and interact with their environment. This tutorial provides a comprehensive introduction to eye tracking, from the basics of eye anatomy and physiology to the principles and applications of different eye-tracking systems. The guide is designed to provide a hands-on learning experience for everyone interested in working with eye-tracking technology. Therefore, we include practical case studies to teach students and professionals how to effectively set up and operate an eye-tracking system. The tutorial covers a variety of eye-tracking systems, calibration techniques, data collection, and analysis methods, including fixations, saccades, pupil diameter, and visual scan path analysis. In addition, we emphasize the importance of considering ethical aspects when conducting eye-tracking research and experiments, especially informed consent and participant privacy. We aim to give the reader a solid understanding of basic eye-tracking principles and the practical skills needed to conduct their experiments. Python-based code snippets and illustrative examples are included in the tutorials and can be downloaded at: https://gitlab.lrz.de/hctl/Eye-Tracking-Tutorial.

Introduction to Eye Tracking: A Hands-On Tutorial for Students and Practitioners

TL;DR

The paper provides a hands-on tutorial introducing eye-tracking concepts, from anatomy to data processing and ethics. It covers remote and wearable systems, calibration, data collection, processing pipelines (cleanup, segmentation, feature extraction), and analysis of fixations, saccades, and pupillometry, along with scanpath methods. Case studies and Python code examples support practical understanding and implementation. The tutorial aims to equip students and practitioners with the skills and ethical guidelines needed to conduct reliable eye-tracking research.

Abstract

Eye-tracking technology is widely used in various application areas such as psychology, neuroscience, marketing, and human-computer interaction, as it is a valuable tool for understanding how people process information and interact with their environment. This tutorial provides a comprehensive introduction to eye tracking, from the basics of eye anatomy and physiology to the principles and applications of different eye-tracking systems. The guide is designed to provide a hands-on learning experience for everyone interested in working with eye-tracking technology. Therefore, we include practical case studies to teach students and professionals how to effectively set up and operate an eye-tracking system. The tutorial covers a variety of eye-tracking systems, calibration techniques, data collection, and analysis methods, including fixations, saccades, pupil diameter, and visual scan path analysis. In addition, we emphasize the importance of considering ethical aspects when conducting eye-tracking research and experiments, especially informed consent and participant privacy. We aim to give the reader a solid understanding of basic eye-tracking principles and the practical skills needed to conduct their experiments. Python-based code snippets and illustrative examples are included in the tutorials and can be downloaded at: https://gitlab.lrz.de/hctl/Eye-Tracking-Tutorial.
Paper Structure (42 sections, 2 equations, 19 figures, 4 tables, 3 algorithms)

This paper contains 42 sections, 2 equations, 19 figures, 4 tables, 3 algorithms.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction to Eye Tracking
  2. Basics of Eye Anatomy and Physiology
  3. Basic Concepts in Eye-tracking Metrics
  4. Sampling rate
  5. Accuracy and precision
  6. Eye-tracking Techniques and Current Types of Eye-tracking Systems
  7. Remote eye tracker
  8. Wearable eye tracker
  9. Calibration
  10. Screen-based Calibration
  11. Wearable Calibration
  12. Slippage Compensation
  13. Practical Advice
  14. Data Collection
  15. Setup
  16. ...and 27 more sections

Figures (19)

  • Figure 1: Human Eye humanEyeImage.
  • Figure 2: Precision and accuracy in eye-tracking systems.
  • Figure 3: A wearable eye tracker on the left (Tobii Pro Glasses 3), and remote eye trackers at the top (Tobii Fusion Pro) and bottom (Tobii Pro Nano).
  • Figure 4: Eyes' corneal reflections illuminated by infrared light.
  • Figure 5: Eye-tracking calibration.
  • ...and 14 more figures