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On Target Detection in the Presence of Clutter in Joint Communication and Sensing Cellular Networks

Julia Vinogradova, Gabor Fodor

TL;DR

The paper addresses target detection in joint communication and sensing (JCAS) cellular networks under clutter and temporally correlated noise. It proposes a ratio-based eigenvalue test grounded in random matrix theory to estimate the number of passive targets while comparing two beamforming schemes, TDM and CM, under resource-sharing trade-offs $\alpha$ and $\delta$. The approach demonstrates robust detection performance and reveals that TDM generally outperforms CM when parameters are properly tuned, even in cluttered and colored-noise environments. This work provides practical guidance for designing sensing-communication resource allocation in bistatic JCAS systems and highlights directions for improving position accuracy through angular/delay-spread estimation.

Abstract

Recent works on joint communication and sensing (JCAS) cellular networks have proposed to use time division mode (TDM) and concurrent mode (CM), as alternative methods for sharing the resources between communication and sensing signals. While the performance of these JCAS schemes for object tracking and parameter estimation has been studied in previous works, their performance on target detection in the presence of clutter has not been analyzed. In this paper, we propose a detection scheme for estimating the number of targets in JCAS cellular networks that employ TDM or CM resource sharing. The proposed detection method allows for the presence of clutter and/or temporally correlated noise. This scheme is studied with respect to the JCAS trade-off parameters that allow to control the time slots in TDM and the power resources in CM allocated to sensing and communications. The performance of two fundamental transmit beamforming schemes, typical for JCAS, is compared in terms of the receiver operating characteristics curves. Our results indicate that in general the TDM scheme gives a somewhat better detection performance compared to the CM scheme, although both schemes outperform existing approaches provided that their respective trade-off parameters are tuned properly.

On Target Detection in the Presence of Clutter in Joint Communication and Sensing Cellular Networks

TL;DR

The paper addresses target detection in joint communication and sensing (JCAS) cellular networks under clutter and temporally correlated noise. It proposes a ratio-based eigenvalue test grounded in random matrix theory to estimate the number of passive targets while comparing two beamforming schemes, TDM and CM, under resource-sharing trade-offs and . The approach demonstrates robust detection performance and reveals that TDM generally outperforms CM when parameters are properly tuned, even in cluttered and colored-noise environments. This work provides practical guidance for designing sensing-communication resource allocation in bistatic JCAS systems and highlights directions for improving position accuracy through angular/delay-spread estimation.

Abstract

Recent works on joint communication and sensing (JCAS) cellular networks have proposed to use time division mode (TDM) and concurrent mode (CM), as alternative methods for sharing the resources between communication and sensing signals. While the performance of these JCAS schemes for object tracking and parameter estimation has been studied in previous works, their performance on target detection in the presence of clutter has not been analyzed. In this paper, we propose a detection scheme for estimating the number of targets in JCAS cellular networks that employ TDM or CM resource sharing. The proposed detection method allows for the presence of clutter and/or temporally correlated noise. This scheme is studied with respect to the JCAS trade-off parameters that allow to control the time slots in TDM and the power resources in CM allocated to sensing and communications. The performance of two fundamental transmit beamforming schemes, typical for JCAS, is compared in terms of the receiver operating characteristics curves. Our results indicate that in general the TDM scheme gives a somewhat better detection performance compared to the CM scheme, although both schemes outperform existing approaches provided that their respective trade-off parameters are tuned properly.
Paper Structure (20 sections, 18 equations, 10 figures)

This paper contains 20 sections, 18 equations, 10 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System model
  3. System model
  4. Clutter model
  5. Temporally correlated noise model
  6. Sensing transmission model
  7. Communication transmission model
  8. Trade-off parameters
  9. Transmit precoding for target detection
  10. Concurrent mode
  11. Time-division mode
  12. Resource sharing in proposed beamforming schemes
  13. Target detection test
  14. Signal model
  15. Fixed-rank perturbation models
  16. ...and 5 more sections

Figures (10)

  • Figure 1: System model with a sensing/communication transmitting BS, denoted by TX-s/TX-c with transmit beamforming towards $K$ targets, a served UE, and a sensing receiver BS, denoted by RX-s, which is used to detect the targets.
  • Figure 2: Space-time resource sharing for CM beamforming scheme. Note that each target's direction is sensed during $\left\lfloor T/K \right \rfloor$ slots.
  • Figure 3: Space-time resource sharing for the TDM beamforming scheme. Each target's direction is sensed during $\left\lfloor T_s/K \right \rfloor$ slots.
  • Figure 4: ROC detection curves for different number of sensing receiver antennas for white noise without clutter and $\mathrm{SNR}=-6~\mathrm{dB}$. The number of sensing receiver antennas is considered equal to the number of sensing slots.
  • Figure 5: Detection rates versus SNR (dB) without and with transmit beamforming for different transmit beamforming angular errors.
  • ...and 5 more figures