Gophy: Novel Proof-of-Useful-Work blockchain architecture for High Energy Physics

TL;DR

This paper presents Gophy, a PoUW blockchain architecture that replaces hash-based PoW with Monte Carlo simulations to support the CBM High Energy Physics experiment. By centralizing block problem definitions through a Root Authority and enforcing reproducibility via a common RNG seed derived from the previous block, miners contribute MC simulation results in a permissioned, verifiable network implemented in Go. A two-stage verification scheme, identity controls, and a token-based reward system underpin fair winner selection and network incentives, while addressing data-transmission and security challenges. The approach aims to securely harness distributed compute for real-world physics research, with plans to open-source the implementation (gophy) by 2024 and to expand documentation and tooling thereafter.

Abstract

In this publication, a novel architecture for Proof-of-Useful-Work blockchain consensus which aims to replace hash-based block problems with Monte Carlo simulation-based block problems to donate computational power to real-world HEP experiments is described. Design decisions are detailed and challenges are addressed. The architecture is being implemented using Golang and can be run inside the CbmRoot software environment. The goal is to build a bridge between the disciplines HEP and blockchain to build a novel blockchain network in which the network's computational power is not wasted but instead used to support a scientific experiment while at the same time securing the underlying permissioned blockchain. The blockchain features a token-based cryptocurrency that is rewarded to miners that donate computational power and acts as an additional incentive to participate which traditional volunteer computing can not provide. The implementation named gophy is being implemented in Golang and is expected to be open-sourced before the end of 2024.