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Holographic Integrated Data and Energy Transfer

Qingxiao Huang, Jie Hu, Yizhe Zhao, Kun Yang

Abstract

Thanks to the application of metamaterials, holographic multiple-input multiple-output (H-MIMO) is expected to achieve a higher spatial diversity gain by enabling the ability to generate any current distribution on the surface. With the aid of electromagnetic (EM) manipulation capability of H-MIMO, integrated data and energy transfer (IDET) system can fully exploits the EM channel to realize energy focusing and eliminate inter-user interference, which yields the concept of holographic IDET (H-IDET). In this paper, we invetigate the beamforming designs for H-IDET systems, where the sum-rate of data users (DUs) are maximized by guaranteeing the energy harvesting requirements of energy users (EUs). In order to solve the non-convex functional programming, a block coordinate descent (BCD) based scheme is proposed, wherein the Fourier transform and the equivalence between the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the mean-square error (MSE) are also conceived, followed by the successive convex approximation (SCA) and an initialization scheme to enhance robustness. Numerical results illustrate that our proposed H-IDET scheme outperforms benchmark schemes, especially the one adopting traditional discrete antennas. Besides, the near-field focusing using EM channel model achieves better performance compared to that using the traditional channel model, especially for WPT where the EUs are usually close to the transmitter.

Holographic Integrated Data and Energy Transfer

Abstract

Thanks to the application of metamaterials, holographic multiple-input multiple-output (H-MIMO) is expected to achieve a higher spatial diversity gain by enabling the ability to generate any current distribution on the surface. With the aid of electromagnetic (EM) manipulation capability of H-MIMO, integrated data and energy transfer (IDET) system can fully exploits the EM channel to realize energy focusing and eliminate inter-user interference, which yields the concept of holographic IDET (H-IDET). In this paper, we invetigate the beamforming designs for H-IDET systems, where the sum-rate of data users (DUs) are maximized by guaranteeing the energy harvesting requirements of energy users (EUs). In order to solve the non-convex functional programming, a block coordinate descent (BCD) based scheme is proposed, wherein the Fourier transform and the equivalence between the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the mean-square error (MSE) are also conceived, followed by the successive convex approximation (SCA) and an initialization scheme to enhance robustness. Numerical results illustrate that our proposed H-IDET scheme outperforms benchmark schemes, especially the one adopting traditional discrete antennas. Besides, the near-field focusing using EM channel model achieves better performance compared to that using the traditional channel model, especially for WPT where the EUs are usually close to the transmitter.
Paper Structure (22 sections, 3 theorems, 56 equations, 9 figures, 1 algorithm)

This paper contains 22 sections, 3 theorems, 56 equations, 9 figures, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Background
  3. Related works
  4. Motivation and Contributions
  5. Tansceiver and Channel Model
  6. H-IDET Transmitter
  7. Electromagnetic Channel
  8. Holographic Receiver for DUs
  9. Holographic Receiver for EUs
  10. H-IDET Systems Design
  11. Near-filed Focus for Single EU
  12. H-IDET Design for Multi-user System
  13. Problem Formulation
  14. Problem Transformation
  15. Holographic Beamforming Design
  16. ...and 7 more sections

Key Result

Lemma 1

By introducing auxiliary variables $\boldsymbol{\rho}:=\left\lbrace \rho_k \in \mathbb{R}^+ \right\rbrace_{k=1}^{K}$ and the combining verctors $\bm{\Psi}:=\left\lbrace \bm{\psi}_k\right\rbrace_{k=1}^{K+L}$ for all users, the problem (P2) can be reformulated as where $P_0^{'}= \frac{A_{\text{R}}\cos(\phi)}{Z}\Xi^{-1}(P_0)$ and $\Xi^{-1}$ is inverse function of $\Xi$ in Eq. (eq:8).

Figures (9)

  • Figure 1: H-IDET system
  • Figure 2: Normalized beam pattern for a single EU at different locations
  • Figure 3: Comparison with traditonal near-field channel
  • Figure 4: Energy harvesting power at the EU versus transmission distance.
  • Figure 5: Sum-rate of DUs versus transmit power.
  • ...and 4 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (6)

  • Remark 1
  • Lemma 1
  • Remark 2
  • Remark 3
  • Lemma 2
  • Proposition 1