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Towards Atomic MIMO Receivers

Mingyao Cui, Qunsong Zeng, Kaibin Huang

Abstract

The advancement of Rydberg atoms in quantum sensing is driving a paradigm shift from classical receivers to atomic receivers. Capitalizing on the extreme sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to external disturbance, atomic receivers can measure radio-waves more precisely than classical receivers to support high-performance wireless communication and sensing. Although the atomic receiver is developing rapidly in quantum-sensing domain, its integration with wireless communications is still at a nascent stage. Particularly, systematic methods to enhance communication performance through this integration are largely uncharted. Motivated by this observation, we propose to incorporate atomic receivers into multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication to implement atomic-MIMO receivers. Specifically, we establish the framework of atomic-MIMO receivers exploiting the principle of quantum sensing, and reveal that its signal detection is intrinsically a non-linear biased phase-retrieval (PR) problem, as opposed to the linear model in classical MIMO systems. To this end, we modify the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm, a typical PR solver, with a biased GS algorithm to solve the discovered biased PR problem. Moreover, we propose an Expectation-Maximization-GS (EM-GS) algorithm by introducing a high-pass filter constructed by Bessel functions into the iteration of GS, which improves the detection accuracy efficiently. Finally, the effectiveness of atomic MIMO receivers is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.

Towards Atomic MIMO Receivers

Abstract

The advancement of Rydberg atoms in quantum sensing is driving a paradigm shift from classical receivers to atomic receivers. Capitalizing on the extreme sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to external disturbance, atomic receivers can measure radio-waves more precisely than classical receivers to support high-performance wireless communication and sensing. Although the atomic receiver is developing rapidly in quantum-sensing domain, its integration with wireless communications is still at a nascent stage. Particularly, systematic methods to enhance communication performance through this integration are largely uncharted. Motivated by this observation, we propose to incorporate atomic receivers into multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication to implement atomic-MIMO receivers. Specifically, we establish the framework of atomic-MIMO receivers exploiting the principle of quantum sensing, and reveal that its signal detection is intrinsically a non-linear biased phase-retrieval (PR) problem, as opposed to the linear model in classical MIMO systems. To this end, we modify the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm, a typical PR solver, with a biased GS algorithm to solve the discovered biased PR problem. Moreover, we propose an Expectation-Maximization-GS (EM-GS) algorithm by introducing a high-pass filter constructed by Bessel functions into the iteration of GS, which improves the detection accuracy efficiently. Finally, the effectiveness of atomic MIMO receivers is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.
Paper Structure (41 sections, 1 theorem, 48 equations, 8 figures, 1 table, 2 algorithms)

This paper contains 41 sections, 1 theorem, 48 equations, 8 figures, 1 table, 2 algorithms.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Concept and Properties of Atomic Receiver
  3. State-of-the-art Atomic Receivers
  4. Contributions and Organization
  5. Preliminaries of Atomic Wireless Receiver
  6. Atomic Receiver Architecture
  7. Rydberg Atoms as Antennas
  8. Atomic Energy Levels
  9. Quantum Jump
  10. Definition of Rydberg Atom
  11. Properties of Rydberg Atom
  12. Electromagnetic Wave and Quantum Jump
  13. Quantum State of Rydberg Atom
  14. State Evolution of Rydberg Atom
  15. Integrated Demodulation and Down-conversion via Rabi Oscillation
  16. ...and 26 more sections

Key Result

Lemma 2

The Fisher information matrix for the Rician distribution eq:Rician is given by where $\beta_n = \frac{1}{\sigma^4}(\mathsf{E}\{z_n^2R^2(\kappa_n)\} - |\lambda_n|^2)$.

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: Wireless communication systems based on (a) classical receiver and (b) atomic receiver.
  • Figure 2: The EIT-AT phenomenon of a four-level system, where $\ket{3}$ and $\ket{4}$ represent the Rydberg states. For example, in literature RydAMFM_Anderson2021, $\ket{1}$, $\ket{2}$, $\ket{3}$, and $\ket{4}$ correspond to the energy levels $6S_{1/2}$, $6P_{3/2}$, $47S_{1/2}$, and $47P_{1/2}$ for measuring $37.4065\:{\rm GHz}$ electromagnetic wave.
  • Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the atomic MIMO receiver. One atomic receiver employing $N$ atomic antennas is measuring signals from $K$-single antenna users together with one reference source.
  • Figure 4: The high-pass filter corresponding to $R(\kappa)$ for $\kappa\in[0, 10]$.
  • Figure 5: The dependence of NMSE performance on SNR for a 16-QAM modulator under $12\:{\rm dB}$ RSR.
  • ...and 3 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (2)

  • Lemma 2
  • proof