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EXPLORA: A teacher-apprentice methodology for eliciting natural child-computer interactions

Vanessa Figueiredo, Catherine Ann Cameron

TL;DR

This work introduces EXPLORA, a multimodal, multistage online methodology comprising three pivotal stages: building a teacher-apprentice relationship, learning from child-teachers, and assessing and reinforcing researcher-apprentice learning, offering a deeper understanding of children’s characteristics and contexts.

Abstract

Investigating child-computer interactions within their contexts is vital for designing technology that caters to children's needs. However, determining what aspects of context are relevant for designing child-centric technology remains a challenge. We introduce EXPLORA, a multimodal, multistage online methodology comprising three pivotal stages: (1) building a teacher-apprentice relationship,(2) learning from child-teachers, and (3) assessing and reinforcing researcher-apprentice learning. Central to EXPLORA is the collection of attitudinal data through pre-observation interviews, offering researchers a deeper understanding of children's characteristics and contexts. This informs subsequent online observations, allowing researchers to focus on frequent interactions. Furthermore, researchers can validate preliminary assumptions with children. A means-ends analysis framework aids in the systematic analysis of data, shedding light on context, agency and homework-information searching processes children employ in their activities. To illustrate EXPLORA's capabilities, we present nine single case studies investigating Brazilian child-caregiver dyads' (children ages 9-11) use of technology in homework information-searching.

EXPLORA: A teacher-apprentice methodology for eliciting natural child-computer interactions

TL;DR

This work introduces EXPLORA, a multimodal, multistage online methodology comprising three pivotal stages: building a teacher-apprentice relationship, learning from child-teachers, and assessing and reinforcing researcher-apprentice learning, offering a deeper understanding of children’s characteristics and contexts.

Abstract

Investigating child-computer interactions within their contexts is vital for designing technology that caters to children's needs. However, determining what aspects of context are relevant for designing child-centric technology remains a challenge. We introduce EXPLORA, a multimodal, multistage online methodology comprising three pivotal stages: (1) building a teacher-apprentice relationship,(2) learning from child-teachers, and (3) assessing and reinforcing researcher-apprentice learning. Central to EXPLORA is the collection of attitudinal data through pre-observation interviews, offering researchers a deeper understanding of children's characteristics and contexts. This informs subsequent online observations, allowing researchers to focus on frequent interactions. Furthermore, researchers can validate preliminary assumptions with children. A means-ends analysis framework aids in the systematic analysis of data, shedding light on context, agency and homework-information searching processes children employ in their activities. To illustrate EXPLORA's capabilities, we present nine single case studies investigating Brazilian child-caregiver dyads' (children ages 9-11) use of technology in homework information-searching.
Paper Structure (34 sections, 2 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 34 sections, 2 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Background
  3. Context-Enriched Methodologies
  4. Behavioural.
  5. Attitudinal.
  6. Behavioural-Attitudinal.
  7. Contextual inquiries
  8. Conceptual Framework
  9. Context.
  10. Interactions/ Transactions.
  11. Agency.
  12. Means-Ends Analysis
  13. EXPLORA
  14. Multimodal, Multistage Approach
  15. Preliminary Session.
  16. ...and 19 more sections

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: EXPLORA means-ends analysis. The solid-line rectangles represent expected actions, while the dashed-line rectangles represent optional actions.
  • Figure 2: Design Recommendations for a Homework Tutor System. The EXPLORA methodology uncovered common scenarios, enabling the development of recommendations to enhance support for homework information-searching in the analyzed contexts.