Large Language Models for Blockchain Security: A Systematic Literature Review

TL;DR

The paper conducts a systematic review of Large Language Models for Blockchain Security (LLM4BS), addressing the gap in understanding the scope, applications, and constraints of LLMs in BS. It provides a taxonomy of LLM4BS tasks, surveys current tools and case studies (code auditing, transaction analysis, fuzzing, development, and community participation), and offers three in-depth case studies (LLM4FUZZ, SMARTINV, BLOCKGPT). Key contributions include the first comprehensive mapping of LLM4BS activities, a synthesis of practical achievements, and a forward-looking agenda highlighting interdisciplinary collaboration, regulatory considerations, and sustainability. The work informs researchers, practitioners, and policymakers about opportunities and risks, guiding responsible deployment and future research in AI-assisted blockchain security.

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools across various domains within cyber security. Notably, recent studies are increasingly exploring LLMs applied to the context of blockchain security (BS). However, there remains a gap in a comprehensive understanding regarding the full scope of applications, impacts, and potential constraints of LLMs on blockchain security. To fill this gap, we undertake a literature review focusing on the studies that apply LLMs in blockchain security (LLM4BS). Our study aims to comprehensively analyze and understand existing research, and elucidate how LLMs contribute to enhancing the security of blockchain systems. Through a thorough examination of existing literature, we delve into the integration of LLMs into various aspects of blockchain security. We explore the mechanisms through which LLMs can bolster blockchain security, including their applications in smart contract auditing, transaction anomaly detection, vulnerability repair, program analysis of smart contracts, and serving as participants in the cryptocurrency community. Furthermore, we assess the challenges and limitations associated with leveraging LLMs for enhancing blockchain security, considering factors such as scalability, privacy concerns, and ethical concerns. Our thorough review sheds light on the opportunities and potential risks of tasks on LLM4BS, providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.

Figures (6)

• Figure 1: The various applications of LLM.
• Figure 2: The threats in blockchain systems.
• Figure 3: The applications of LLM on the task of blockchain security.
• Figure 4: The architecture of LLM4FUZZ.
• Figure 5: The architecture of SMARTINV.