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From One to Many: How Active Robot Swarm Sizes Influence Human Cognitive Processes

Julian Kaduk, Müge Cavdan, Knut Drewing, Heiko Hamann

TL;DR

It is indicated that managing multiple active robots when compared to one active robot significantly alters time perception and flow experience, leading to a faster passage of time and increased flow, and in developing swarm robotic systems aligned with human cognitive structures, enhancing human-robot collaboration.

Abstract

In robotics, understanding human interaction with autonomous systems is crucial for enhancing collaborative technologies. We focus on human-swarm interaction (HSI), exploring how differently sized groups of active robots affect operators' cognitive and perceptual reactions over different durations. We analyze the impact of different numbers of active robots within a 15-robot swarm on operators' time perception, emotional state, flow experience, and task difficulty perception. Our findings indicate that managing multiple active robots when compared to one active robot significantly alters time perception and flow experience, leading to a faster passage of time and increased flow. More active robots and extended durations cause increased emotional arousal and perceived task difficulty, highlighting the interaction between robot the number of active robots and human cognitive processes. These insights inform the creation of intuitive human-swarm interfaces and aid in developing swarm robotic systems aligned with human cognitive structures, enhancing human-robot collaboration.

From One to Many: How Active Robot Swarm Sizes Influence Human Cognitive Processes

TL;DR

It is indicated that managing multiple active robots when compared to one active robot significantly alters time perception and flow experience, leading to a faster passage of time and increased flow, and in developing swarm robotic systems aligned with human cognitive structures, enhancing human-robot collaboration.

Abstract

In robotics, understanding human interaction with autonomous systems is crucial for enhancing collaborative technologies. We focus on human-swarm interaction (HSI), exploring how differently sized groups of active robots affect operators' cognitive and perceptual reactions over different durations. We analyze the impact of different numbers of active robots within a 15-robot swarm on operators' time perception, emotional state, flow experience, and task difficulty perception. Our findings indicate that managing multiple active robots when compared to one active robot significantly alters time perception and flow experience, leading to a faster passage of time and increased flow. More active robots and extended durations cause increased emotional arousal and perceived task difficulty, highlighting the interaction between robot the number of active robots and human cognitive processes. These insights inform the creation of intuitive human-swarm interfaces and aid in developing swarm robotic systems aligned with human cognitive structures, enhancing human-robot collaboration.
Paper Structure (17 sections, 4 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 17 sections, 4 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Related work
  3. Method
  4. Scenario
  5. Experiment Procedure
  6. Robot Hardware and Behavior
  7. Self-reported Measures
  8. Participants
  9. Results
  10. Passage of time
  11. Time estimation
  12. Flow
  13. Difficulty
  14. Arousal
  15. Valence
  16. ...and 2 more sections

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: View of the arena from the perspective of a participant.
  • Figure 2: Estimated mean passage of time (left) and time estimation (right) as a function of number of active robots for the self-reported measures on a scale from 0 to 4 for the passage of time and the absolute duration estimation in minutes. Error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean.
  • Figure 3: Estimated mean flow (left) and difficulty (right) as a function of number of active robots for the self-reported measures on a scale from 0 to 8 for flow and from 0 to 4 for difficulty. Error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean.
  • Figure 4: Estimated mean arousal (left) and valence (right) as a function of number of active robots for the self-reported measures on a scale from 0 to 8. Error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean.