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Studying and improving the performance of ETSI ITS contention-based forwarding (CBF) in urban and highway scenarios: S-FoT+

Oscar Amador, Ignacio Soto, Maria Calderon, Manuel Urueña

TL;DR

This work analyzes ETSI ITS contentions-based forwarding (CBF) and Simple GeoBroadcast in highway and urban scenarios under the full ETSI ITS architecture, including decentralized congestion control. It introduces two enhancements, Slotted CBF (S-CBF) and FoT+, combined into S-FoT+, to reduce transmissions while preserving reliability and latency. Across highway and urban tests, FoT-based variants achieve similar or better packet delivery ratios with substantially fewer transmissions than baseline CBF or Simple GeoBroadcast, and S-FoT+ demonstrates robust performance across densities. The urban evaluation confirms that multi-hop GeoBroadcast with S-FoT+ provides superior coverage in complex city environments where single-hop approaches falter, though at higher transmission cost that S-FoT+ mitigates, highlighting practical trade-offs for decentralized warning dissemination.

Abstract

This paper evaluates the performance of ETSI ITS Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF) and ETSI Simple GeoBroadcast forwarding while disseminating warning messages over a Geographical Area in highway and urban scenarios. Our experimental evaluation considers the complete ETSI ITS architecture including the Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanism. We propose an enhanced CBF mechanism, named S-FOT+, which combines several improvements to the ETSI CBF algorithm. S-FoT+ has a similar or better performance than the ETSI forwarding algorithms regarding both reliability and end-to-end delay while requiring much fewer transmissions. The improvements are equally effective and efficient in both urban and highway scenarios with large Destination Areas. Finally, we evaluate the trade-offs that stem from using multi-hop broadcast mechanisms in urban settings with smaller Destination Areas when compared to single-hop broadcast. Results show that multi-hop mechanisms significantly improve coverage at the cost of an increased number of transmissions.

Studying and improving the performance of ETSI ITS contention-based forwarding (CBF) in urban and highway scenarios: S-FoT+

TL;DR

This work analyzes ETSI ITS contentions-based forwarding (CBF) and Simple GeoBroadcast in highway and urban scenarios under the full ETSI ITS architecture, including decentralized congestion control. It introduces two enhancements, Slotted CBF (S-CBF) and FoT+, combined into S-FoT+, to reduce transmissions while preserving reliability and latency. Across highway and urban tests, FoT-based variants achieve similar or better packet delivery ratios with substantially fewer transmissions than baseline CBF or Simple GeoBroadcast, and S-FoT+ demonstrates robust performance across densities. The urban evaluation confirms that multi-hop GeoBroadcast with S-FoT+ provides superior coverage in complex city environments where single-hop approaches falter, though at higher transmission cost that S-FoT+ mitigates, highlighting practical trade-offs for decentralized warning dissemination.

Abstract

This paper evaluates the performance of ETSI ITS Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF) and ETSI Simple GeoBroadcast forwarding while disseminating warning messages over a Geographical Area in highway and urban scenarios. Our experimental evaluation considers the complete ETSI ITS architecture including the Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanism. We propose an enhanced CBF mechanism, named S-FOT+, which combines several improvements to the ETSI CBF algorithm. S-FoT+ has a similar or better performance than the ETSI forwarding algorithms regarding both reliability and end-to-end delay while requiring much fewer transmissions. The improvements are equally effective and efficient in both urban and highway scenarios with large Destination Areas. Finally, we evaluate the trade-offs that stem from using multi-hop broadcast mechanisms in urban settings with smaller Destination Areas when compared to single-hop broadcast. Results show that multi-hop mechanisms significantly improve coverage at the cost of an increased number of transmissions.
Paper Structure (17 sections, 6 equations, 13 figures, 7 tables)

This paper contains 17 sections, 6 equations, 13 figures, 7 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. State of the art and background
  3. Multi-hop dissemination in vehicular networks
  4. Background
  5. Related work
  6. Further improvements to ETSI ITS CBF
  7. Slotted CBF
  8. FoT+
  9. Evaluation in highway scenarios
  10. Simulation scenario
  11. Results
  12. Evaluation in urban scenarios
  13. Simulation scenario
  14. Results
  15. Maximum Destination Area
  16. ...and 2 more sections

Figures (13)

  • Figure 1: ETSI CBF Timeout calculation
  • Figure 2: Slotted-CBF (S-CBF) Timeout calculation
  • Figure 3: Activity diagram for ETSI CBF (Adapted from Annex F.3 in etsiNewGeoNetworking)
  • Figure 4: Activity diagram for FoT variants
  • Figure 5: Transmissions per density in the highway scenario
  • ...and 8 more figures