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Integrated Communications and Localization for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Systems

Li You, Xiaoyu Qiang, Yongxiang Zhu, Fan Jiang, Christos G. Tsinos, Wenjin Wang, Henk Wymeersch, Xiqi Gao, Björn Ottersten

TL;DR

The paper addresses joint downlink communications and localization for massive MIMO LEO satellite systems by leveraging statistical CSI to design a wideband hybrid analog/digital transmitter. It derives a spectral efficiency bound and a Cramér-Rao-based SPEB for localization, then develops a multi-objective optimization framework using WMMSE and MM/SDP techniques to balance SE and localization accuracy. An ADMM-based hybrid precoding algorithm is proposed to achieve the ICAL trade-off with convergence guarantees and practical complexity considerations. Simulations demonstrate that the ICAL scheme can substantially enhance SE while maintaining sub-5-meter localization accuracy for multiple user terminals, paving the way for integrated sensing and communication on future satellite networks.

Abstract

Integrated communications and localization (ICAL) will play an important part in future sixth generation (6G) networks for the realization of Internet of Everything (IoE) to support both global communications and seamless localization. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have great potential in providing wide coverage with enhanced gains, and thus are strong candidates for realizing ubiquitous ICAL. In this paper, we develop a wideband massive MIMO LEO satellite system to simultaneously support wireless communications and localization operations in the downlink. In particular, we first characterize the signal propagation properties and derive a localization performance bound. Based on these analyses, we focus on the hybrid analog/digital precoding design to achieve high communication capability and localization precision. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed ICAL scheme supports both the wireless communication and localization operations for typical system setups.

Integrated Communications and Localization for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Systems

TL;DR

The paper addresses joint downlink communications and localization for massive MIMO LEO satellite systems by leveraging statistical CSI to design a wideband hybrid analog/digital transmitter. It derives a spectral efficiency bound and a Cramér-Rao-based SPEB for localization, then develops a multi-objective optimization framework using WMMSE and MM/SDP techniques to balance SE and localization accuracy. An ADMM-based hybrid precoding algorithm is proposed to achieve the ICAL trade-off with convergence guarantees and practical complexity considerations. Simulations demonstrate that the ICAL scheme can substantially enhance SE while maintaining sub-5-meter localization accuracy for multiple user terminals, paving the way for integrated sensing and communication on future satellite networks.

Abstract

Integrated communications and localization (ICAL) will play an important part in future sixth generation (6G) networks for the realization of Internet of Everything (IoE) to support both global communications and seamless localization. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have great potential in providing wide coverage with enhanced gains, and thus are strong candidates for realizing ubiquitous ICAL. In this paper, we develop a wideband massive MIMO LEO satellite system to simultaneously support wireless communications and localization operations in the downlink. In particular, we first characterize the signal propagation properties and derive a localization performance bound. Based on these analyses, we focus on the hybrid analog/digital precoding design to achieve high communication capability and localization precision. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed ICAL scheme supports both the wireless communication and localization operations for typical system setups.
Paper Structure (30 sections, 48 equations, 7 figures, 1 table, 1 algorithm)

This paper contains 30 sections, 48 equations, 7 figures, 1 table, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Related Works
  3. Organization
  4. Notations
  5. System Model
  6. Channel Model
  7. Signal Model
  8. Performance Metrics
  9. Communication Spectral Efficiency
  10. Localization Accuracy
  11. Received Signal Model
  12. Fisher Information Matrix (FIM)
  13. Transformation for Position Parameters
  14. SPEB
  15. Integrated Communications and Localization
  16. ...and 15 more sections

Figures (7)

  • Figure 1: 3D geometric model of the massive MIMO LEO satellite ICAL system with known satellite position and orientation, unknown UTs position.
  • Figure 2: The time-frequency structure for the transmitted pilot and data signals.
  • Figure 3: Hybrid precoding architectures of the massive MIMO LEO satellite ICAL system.
  • Figure 4: The SE and APEB versus the number of iterations.
  • Figure 5: SE and APEB performance versus transmit power $P$ with $N_{\rm t}=576$ antennas under the fully connected structure for different weighting coefficients $\rho$.
  • ...and 2 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (1)

  • Remark 1