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Evaluation and improvement of ETSI ITS Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF) of warning messages in highway scenarios

Oscar Amador, Manuel Urueña, Maria Calderon, Ignacio Soto

Abstract

This paper evaluates the performance of the ETSI Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF) GeoNetworking protocol for distributing warning messages in highway scenarios, including its interaction with the Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanism. Several shortcomings of the standard ETSI CBF algorithm are identified, and we propose different solutions to these problems, which are able to reduce the number of transmissions by an order of magnitude, while reducing the message end-to-end delay and providing a reliability close to 100% in a large area of interest.

Evaluation and improvement of ETSI ITS Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF) of warning messages in highway scenarios

Abstract

This paper evaluates the performance of the ETSI Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF) GeoNetworking protocol for distributing warning messages in highway scenarios, including its interaction with the Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanism. Several shortcomings of the standard ETSI CBF algorithm are identified, and we propose different solutions to these problems, which are able to reduce the number of transmissions by an order of magnitude, while reducing the message end-to-end delay and providing a reliability close to 100% in a large area of interest.
Paper Structure (23 sections, 2 equations, 14 figures, 3 tables, 6 algorithms)

This paper contains 23 sections, 2 equations, 14 figures, 3 tables, 6 algorithms.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Background
  3. ETSI ITS Architecture
  4. ETSI Decentralized Congestion Control
  5. ETSI ITS Contention-Based Forwarding
  6. Related Work
  7. ETSI CBF problems and proposed solutions
  8. Improving network efficiency by suppressing unnecessary retransmissions
  9. Adding Duplicate Packet Detection to ETSI CBF
  10. Suppression of Greedy Forwarding collisions at the area border
  11. Improving reachability of DENM messages
  12. Enabling source retransmission
  13. Geographically-aware CBF Packet Cancellation
  14. Reducing the number of DCC-induced retransmissions: Forward on Time (FoT)
  15. Evaluation
  16. ...and 8 more sections

Figures (14)

  • Figure 1: ETSI ITS Architecture
  • Figure 2: Multi-hop GeoBroadcast
  • Figure 3: An example of a situation that generates duplicated packets with ETSI CBF forwarding
  • Figure 4: An example where a pair of vehicles aborts a message with standard CBF forwarding
  • Figure 5: A vehicle cancelling a packet in its CBF Buffer with GPC because a better forwarded has transmitted it
  • ...and 9 more figures