Cryptography: Classical versus Post-Quantum

TL;DR

The paper surveys how quantum computing threatens classical cryptography and motivates the shift to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). It reviews PQC approaches across lattice-based, code-based, hash-based, and multivariate polynomial schemes, emphasizing resilience against quantum attacks. It discusses the need for and progress toward standards, notably the NIST PQC initiative, to enable widespread deployment of quantum-safe protocols. The analysis underscores that adopting PQC is essential for secure communications in the post-quantum era and will drive future cryptographic standards and practices.

Abstract

The advantages of post-quantum cryptography over classical cryptography are covered in this survey. We address several post-quantum cryptography techniques. We conclude that the deployment of quantum-safe cryptographic systems is anticipated to be the future of secure communication, and that the development of post-quantum cryptography is essential to guarantee the security of sensitive information in the post quantum era.