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Wireless Information Surveillance via STAR-RIS

Fatemeh Jafarian, Mehrdad Ardebilipour, Mohammadali Mohammadi, Michail Matthaiou

TL;DR

The paper investigates STAR-RIS–assisted proactive eavesdropping where a full-duplex multi-antenna eavesdropper leverages simultaneous transmission and reflection to overhear a suspicious link and jam the SR target. The authors formulate a non-convex joint optimization of $E$'s beamforming and STAR-RIS phase shifts to maximize the eavesdropping non-outage probability $P_{ m NOP}$, and solve it via a block coordinate descent framework that employs SDR and SCA for the RIS and beamforming subproblems. They provide a high-accuracy optimal design and several low-complexity suboptimal schemes (ZF/MRT and MRC/ZF) to balance performance and complexity, with numerical results demonstrating the benefits of joint design and effective SI cancellation. The findings highlight the potential of STAR-RIS to enhance surveillance capabilities in full-space coverage scenarios, suggesting practical impact for secure monitoring and defense applications, while outlining directions for extending to multiple links and alternative STAR-RIS operating modes.

Abstract

We explore the potential of a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) to enhance the performance of wireless surveillance systems. The STAR-RIS is deployed between a full-duplex (FD) multi-antenna legitimate eavesdropper (E) and a suspicious communication pair. It reflects the suspicious signal towards the suspicious receiver (SR), while simultaneously transmitting the same signal to E for interception purposes. Additionally, it enables the forwarding of a jamming signal from E to SR, which is located on the back side of the STAR-RIS. To enhance the eavesdropping non-outage probability, we formulate a non-convex joint optimization problem to design the beamforming vectors at E and reflection/transmission phase shift matrices at the STAR-RIS. We adopt the block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm and propose an approach, mainly based on semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA), for solving the resulting decoupled sub-problems. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed design against low-complexity zero-forcing (ZF)-based beamforming designs.

Wireless Information Surveillance via STAR-RIS

TL;DR

The paper investigates STAR-RIS–assisted proactive eavesdropping where a full-duplex multi-antenna eavesdropper leverages simultaneous transmission and reflection to overhear a suspicious link and jam the SR target. The authors formulate a non-convex joint optimization of 's beamforming and STAR-RIS phase shifts to maximize the eavesdropping non-outage probability , and solve it via a block coordinate descent framework that employs SDR and SCA for the RIS and beamforming subproblems. They provide a high-accuracy optimal design and several low-complexity suboptimal schemes (ZF/MRT and MRC/ZF) to balance performance and complexity, with numerical results demonstrating the benefits of joint design and effective SI cancellation. The findings highlight the potential of STAR-RIS to enhance surveillance capabilities in full-space coverage scenarios, suggesting practical impact for secure monitoring and defense applications, while outlining directions for extending to multiple links and alternative STAR-RIS operating modes.

Abstract

We explore the potential of a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) to enhance the performance of wireless surveillance systems. The STAR-RIS is deployed between a full-duplex (FD) multi-antenna legitimate eavesdropper (E) and a suspicious communication pair. It reflects the suspicious signal towards the suspicious receiver (SR), while simultaneously transmitting the same signal to E for interception purposes. Additionally, it enables the forwarding of a jamming signal from E to SR, which is located on the back side of the STAR-RIS. To enhance the eavesdropping non-outage probability, we formulate a non-convex joint optimization problem to design the beamforming vectors at E and reflection/transmission phase shift matrices at the STAR-RIS. We adopt the block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm and propose an approach, mainly based on semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA), for solving the resulting decoupled sub-problems. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed design against low-complexity zero-forcing (ZF)-based beamforming designs.
Paper Structure (15 sections, 25 equations, 3 figures, 1 algorithm)

This paper contains 15 sections, 25 equations, 3 figures, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System model
  3. Transmission Protocol
  4. Problem Formulation
  5. Joint Beamforming and Phase-shift Design
  6. Beamforming Design at $\text{E}$
  7. STAR-RIS Transmission/Reflecting Phase Design
  8. Overall Algorithm and Complexity Analysis
  9. Low-Complexity Designs
  10. Suboptimal Designs and Problem Formulation
  11. ZF/MRT Beamforming Design
  12. MRC/ZF Beamforming Design
  13. Solution
  14. Numerical Results
  15. Conclusion

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Illustration of the considered STAR-RIS-assisted wireless surveillance system.
  • Figure 2: Eavesdropping non-outage probability for the proposed optimal and suboptimal designs versus $\rho_e$ ($N_R = N_T = 4$).
  • Figure 3: Eavesdropping non-outage probability for the proposed optimal and suboptimal designs versus $\sigma_{\mathtt{SI}}^2$ ($\rho_e=10$ dB).