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Optimizing Grid Resilience: A Capacity Reserve Market for High Impact Low Probability Events

Umar T. Salman, Zongjie Wang, Timothy M. Hansen

TL;DR

The paper tackles HILP events by introducing a capacity reserve event market for mobile generating resources that can be deployed under pre‑agreed contracts to reinforce the transmission grid. It couples a grid‑side model with forecast‑informed market clearing, so resource owners submit offers reflecting capacity, price, degradation, and travel, enabling rapid, geographically targeted mobilization. The main contributions are the market design for mobile ESRs and EVs, and a resiliency compensation framework that accounts for capacity, travel, and resource specifics, demonstrated on the IEEE 30‑bus system with two event durations. The results indicate improved grid resilience, faster restoration, and controlled costs, offering a practical path toward resilience enhancement without unnecessary downstream fragmentation.

Abstract

This paper addresses the challenges of high-impact low-probability (HILP) events by proposing a novel capacity reserve event market for mobile generation assets, aimed at supporting the transmission network during such incidents. Despite the usefulness of portable generators and mobile energy units in restoring power, there are drawbacks such as environmental impact, finite operation, and complex cost recovery. The proposed market integrates these resources into a dispatch framework based on pre-established contracts, ensuring fair compensation and considering factors like capacity, pricing, and travel distance. Resource owners receive advanced notifications for potential events, allowing them to adjust their bids for cost recovery. Simulations on an IEEE 30-bus case have been conducted to demonstrate the model effectiveness in increasing grid resiliency.

Optimizing Grid Resilience: A Capacity Reserve Market for High Impact Low Probability Events

TL;DR

The paper tackles HILP events by introducing a capacity reserve event market for mobile generating resources that can be deployed under pre‑agreed contracts to reinforce the transmission grid. It couples a grid‑side model with forecast‑informed market clearing, so resource owners submit offers reflecting capacity, price, degradation, and travel, enabling rapid, geographically targeted mobilization. The main contributions are the market design for mobile ESRs and EVs, and a resiliency compensation framework that accounts for capacity, travel, and resource specifics, demonstrated on the IEEE 30‑bus system with two event durations. The results indicate improved grid resilience, faster restoration, and controlled costs, offering a practical path toward resilience enhancement without unnecessary downstream fragmentation.

Abstract

This paper addresses the challenges of high-impact low-probability (HILP) events by proposing a novel capacity reserve event market for mobile generation assets, aimed at supporting the transmission network during such incidents. Despite the usefulness of portable generators and mobile energy units in restoring power, there are drawbacks such as environmental impact, finite operation, and complex cost recovery. The proposed market integrates these resources into a dispatch framework based on pre-established contracts, ensuring fair compensation and considering factors like capacity, pricing, and travel distance. Resource owners receive advanced notifications for potential events, allowing them to adjust their bids for cost recovery. Simulations on an IEEE 30-bus case have been conducted to demonstrate the model effectiveness in increasing grid resiliency.
Paper Structure (16 sections, 15 equations, 5 figures, 2 tables)

This paper contains 16 sections, 15 equations, 5 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Problem Formulation
  3. The Event Market
  4. Data & Market Terms Description
  5. Grid-Side Modeling
  6. Balance Constraint
  7. Network spinning reserve constraint
  8. Generator Market Constraints
  9. ESRs and EVs Capacity Reserve Constraints
  10. ESRs and EVs Market Constraints
  11. ESRs and EVs Operational Constraints
  12. Generator Voltage Constraints
  13. Numerical Simulation Results
  14. Modified IEEE 30-bus Test System
  15. Simulation Results
  16. ...and 1 more sections

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: Mobile resources are activated in response to a HILP event. The operator activates the event market, alerting participants and coordinating the dispatch of resources to designated locations.
  • Figure 2: SoC & power dispatched by each resource (a) Scenario 1 and (b) Scenario 2, (i) ESR, (ii) EV, and (iii) DGs.
  • Figure 3: Total spinning reserve capacities by each resource (a) Scenario 1 and (b) Scenario 2.
  • Figure 4: Total operation costs (a) Scenario 1 and (b) Scenario 2.
  • Figure 5: Voltage profile at the buses (a) Scenario 1 (b) Scenario 2.