Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Survey of Challenges, Industry Applications, and Future Trends
Jadyn Powell, Alex McCafferty-Leroux, Waleed Hilal, Stephen Andrew Gadsden
TL;DR
The paper addresses the need for a sustainable, reliable, and flexible electric grid by surveying Smart Grids (SGs) across their core components, cybersecurity, interoperability, renewable energy integration, and industry uptake. It combines background on SG concepts with a detailed review of attack types and defenses, interoperability standards and testing, and Renewable Energy Integration (REI) challenges and solutions. Key contributions include synthesis of FDI attack defenses, discussion of SGIP semantic interoperability, and mapping of global implementation programs and future research directions. The work provides a comprehensive reference for researchers and policymakers to navigate the security, interoperability, and deployment challenges of SGs and to guide future investments in energy storage, forecasting, and microgrid development.
Abstract
With the increased energy demands of the 21st century, there is a clear need for developing a more sustainable method of energy generation, distribution, and transmission. The popularity of Smart Grid continues to grow as it presents its benefits, including interconnectivity, improved efficiency, the ability to integrate renewable energy sources, and many more. However, it is not without its challenges. This survey aims to provide an introductory background of smart grids, detail some of the main aspects and current challenges, and review the most recent papers and proposed solutions. It will also highlight the current state of implementation of the smart grid by describing various prototypes, as well as various countries and continents implementation plans and projects.